{"id":810,"date":"2021-02-17T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T10:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/?p=810"},"modified":"2023-05-25T18:36:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-25T13:36:18","slug":"dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/","title":{"rendered":"Dengue Prevention: How Does Wolbachia Help to Control Dengue?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We have a large history of dealing with deadliest viruses as viral epidemics are not new to humans. Whether it was prehistoric smallpox disaster or the recently ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, such disease outbreaks have changed the course of human history for the worse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although at this time we only talk about COVID 19, unfortunately, diseases like dengue viruses are not leaving for our convenience. Particularly, in countries like Pakistan with weak healthcare infrastructure and endemic for dengue, the overall situation calls for action and response against dengue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You may already know about Dengue, but let us revamp what dengue is and how it&#8217;s impacting the world in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#what_is_dengue_fever\" title=\"What is Dengue Fever?\">What is Dengue Fever?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#how_dengue_spreads\" title=\"How Dengue Spreads?\">How Dengue Spreads?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#clinical_signs_and_symptoms\" title=\"Clinical signs and symptoms\">Clinical signs and symptoms<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#what_is_an_effective_dengue_prevention_strategy\" title=\"What is an Effective Dengue Prevention Strategy?&nbsp;\">What is an Effective Dengue Prevention Strategy?&nbsp;<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#ways_to_prevent_deadly_mosquito_bites\" title=\"Ways to Prevent Deadly Mosquito Bites\">Ways to Prevent Deadly Mosquito Bites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#mosquito_population_control-_why_and_how\" title=\"Mosquito Population Control- Why and How?&nbsp;\">Mosquito Population Control- Why and How?&nbsp;<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#1-_chemical_control\" title=\"1- Chemical Control\">1- Chemical Control<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#2-_biological_control\" title=\"2- Biological Control\">2- Biological Control<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#wolbachia-_a_promising_tool_for_dengue_fever_prevention\" title=\"Wolbachia&#8211; A Promising Tool for Dengue Fever Prevention\">Wolbachia&#8211; A Promising Tool for Dengue Fever Prevention<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#how_can_wolbachia_bacteria_help_in_dengue_prevention\" title=\"How Can Wolbachia Bacteria Help in Dengue prevention?\">How Can Wolbachia Bacteria Help in Dengue prevention?<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#1-_replacement_of_local_mosquito_population\" title=\"1- Replacement of local mosquito population\">1- Replacement of local mosquito population<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#2-_suppression_of_the_mosquito_population\" title=\"2- Suppression of the mosquito population\">2- Suppression of the mosquito population<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#how_to_use_wolbachia_bacteria_for_dengue_control\" title=\"How to Use Wolbachia Bacteria for Dengue Control?\">How to Use Wolbachia Bacteria for Dengue Control?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#mosquito_factories_nurturing_disease_friendly_mosquitoes\" title=\"Mosquito Factories! Nurturing \u201c Disease Friendly Mosquitoes\u201d\">Mosquito Factories! Nurturing \u201c Disease Friendly Mosquitoes\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/#the_bottom_line\" title=\"The bottom line!\">The bottom line!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what_is_dengue_fever\"><\/span>What is Dengue Fever?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dengue is the mosquito-borne viral illness that can result from mild flu-like illness to the life-threatening hemorrhagic fever. Despite the availability of far-reaching knowledge on <strong>dengue prevention<\/strong>, the disease has continued to wreak havoc. Talking in numbers, Pakistan is no different from the rest of the world. Since the first confirmed dengue outbreak in 1994, Pakistan has reported approximately 1.5 lakh dengue cases so far.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how_dengue_spreads\"><\/span>How Dengue Spreads?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Female mosquitoes are the culprit!&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The minuscule, long-legged mosquitoes are responsible for the spread of dengue. Actually, the tiny creature doesn\u2019t cause the disease, instead, it carries dengue virus inside its body. The virus resides inside the mosquito&#8217;s body and passes on from an infected to an uninfected person through a mosquito bite. Thus, mosquito basically acts as the vehicle which aids disease spread.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surprisingly, only female mosquitoes can spread the virus. In Pakistan, <em>Aedes aegypti<\/em> mosquito is known to cause the disease. While another mosquito species, known as <em>Aedes albopictus <\/em>also exists here that can cause the disease in future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"clinical_signs_and_symptoms\"><\/span>Clinical signs and symptoms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For the most part, dengue fever can cause mild to severe clinical manifestations. The most common symptom of dengue can include<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fever<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nausea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aches and pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Body rash<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vomiting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the time, symptoms of dengue can last for 2-7 days, however, a more severe form of dengue also exists known as \u2018Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever\u2019 or \u2018Dengue Shock Syndrome\u2019. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the fatal form of the disease characterized by internal bleeding, blood pressure drop leading to shock and organ damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what_is_an_effective_dengue_prevention_strategy\"><\/span>What is an Effective Dengue Prevention Strategy?&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dengue prevention and control<\/strong> is quite important because it can significantly lower the global disease burden on public health. Despite the availability of an approved vaccine, the <strong>global strategy for dengue prevention and control <\/strong>relies upon the control of mosquito population.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ways_to_prevent_deadly_mosquito_bites\"><\/span>Ways to Prevent Deadly Mosquito Bites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the most recommended practices to prevent mosquito bites are;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using mosquito repellents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Staying in screened places<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wearing protective clothing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduction in mosquito breeding sites<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mosquito_population_control-_why_and_how\"><\/span>Mosquito Population Control- Why and How?&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apart from preventive measures controlling the mosquito population is an effective way to regulate disease spread. While talking about <strong>dengue control measures<\/strong>, these control methods can be classified as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-_chemical_control\"><\/span>1- Chemical Control<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The use of different insecticides to control mosquito population lies under this category. However, the excessive use of these chemicals over the decades has resulted in insecticide resistance in the targeted vector population. Moreover, these chemicals are doing more harm than good because of their toxic nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-_biological_control\"><\/span>2- Biological Control<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The use of biological agents such as fish larvae, bacterial spores is another effective practice to control the mosquito population. Due to effectiveness and less toxicity of biological methods, these methods are definitely considered a better option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wolbachia-_a_promising_tool_for_dengue_fever_prevention\"><\/span><em>Wolbachia<\/em>&#8211; A Promising Tool for <strong>Dengue Fever Prevention<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The global scenario of mosquito control totally got changed after the discovery of a tiny bacterium, known as <em>Wolbachia <\/em>that can effectively control the mosquito. Surprisingly, <em>Wolbachia <\/em>is naturally found in 60% of the insect\u2019s population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how_can_wolbachia_bacteria_help_in_dengue_prevention\"><\/span>How Can <strong><em>Wolbachia <\/em><\/strong><strong>Bacteria<\/strong> Help in <strong>Dengue prevention<\/strong>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Wolbachia <\/em>can interfere with the ability of mosquitoes to spread the disease. The presence of bacteria inside the mosquito body stops the growth of viruses. Besides this, <em>Wolbachia <\/em>bacteria control the mosquito population by two important mechanisms<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-_replacement_of_local_mosquito_population\"><\/span>1- Replacement of local mosquito population<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As already discussed, the presence of <em>Wolbachia <\/em>bacteria can block the spread of dengue virus in the mosquito body. So, if we replace our natural mosquito population (not having <em>Wolbachia<\/em>) with the <em>Wolbachia <\/em>infected population, the disease spread will automatically reduce by several folds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-_suppression_of_the_mosquito_population\"><\/span>2- Suppression of the mosquito population<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppression of mosquito population is basically a method to reduce mosquito numbers by limiting their reproduction. In this second method, <em>Wolbachia <\/em>transferred mosquitoes are released in the field. These special mosquitoes stop the reproduction in mosquitoes, reducing their overall number. Fewer mosquitos will spread less disease resulting in dengue control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how_to_use_wolbachia_bacteria_for_dengue_control\"><\/span>How to Use <strong><em>Wolbachia <\/em><\/strong><strong>Bacteria for Dengue Control<\/strong>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Mosquito eggs are injected with the bacterium!<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This bacterium, <em>Wolbachia,<\/em> is not present in the mosquito <em>Aedes aegypti<\/em> that is responsible for the spread of dengue. However, we can use a technique called, \u201cmicroinjection\u201d to artificially transfer this bacterium into the bodies of mosquitos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mosquito_factories_nurturing_disease_friendly_mosquitoes\"><\/span>Mosquito Factories! <em>Nurturing \u201c <\/em><strong><em>Disease Friendly Mosquitoes<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Wolbachia <\/em>dengue control strategy requires millions of mosquitoes to be released. Both replacement and suppression strategies require millions of mosquitoes for field releases. To release such a huge number of mosquitoes, we have breeding facilities, or <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2016\/02\/17\/162230\/inside-the-mosquito-factory-that-could-stop-dengue-and-zika\/\">mosquito factories<\/a>, where scientists are raising \u201cDisease Friendly Mosquitoes\u201d in a huge number. Once released, these dengue blocker mosquitoes can effectively control the disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_bottom_line\"><\/span>The bottom line!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne illness and for now, control of disease solely depends upon mosquito control. Among all the methods to control the mosquito population, <em>Wolbachia <\/em>based mosquito control is a potential approach.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past few years, many countries have successfully controlled dengue by mass releasing mosquitoes. For instance, the dengue mosquito population has considerably reduced the disease spread in the Australian region under the <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldmosquitoprogram.org\/en\/news-stories\/media-releases\/wolbachia-mosquitoes-block-dengue-across-australias-far-north\">World Mosquito Program<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other than Australia and Singapore, our neighbouring country India is also planning to mass release mosquitoes for dengue control. Previously, in Pakistan, there was very limited work done in this regard. However, scientists are now diligently working on dengue control using disease-friendly mosquitoes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once successfully established, this <em>Wolbachia <\/em>based dengue strategy will be an effective tool to control several mosquito-borne diseases in Pakistan.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you find any signs and symptoms, immediately get in touch with top <a href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/doctors\/islamabad\/infectious-disease-specialist\">infectious disease specialists<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have a large history of dealing with deadliest viruses as viral epidemics are not&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diseases-disorders"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dengue Prevention: How Does Wolbachia Help to Control Dengue?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A tiny bacterium, Wolbachia, can effectively control the dengue spread and it is helpful for dengue prevention. Read more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/healthwire.pk\/healthcare\/dengue-prevention-how-does-wolbachia-help-to-control-dengue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dengue Prevention: How Does Wolbachia Help to Control Dengue?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A tiny bacterium, Wolbachia, can effectively control the dengue spread and it is helpful for dengue prevention. 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