ACTH ING IMP

Corticotropin injection, also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), primarily exerts its effects by stimulating the adrenal cortex to produce and release corticosteroid hormones, particularly cortisol. The mechanism of action involves binding to melanocortin receptors, specifically the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), on the adrenocortical cells. This binding triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis, such as cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 11β-hydroxylase. As a result, Corticotropin injection stimulates the production and secretion of glucocorticoids, which have a wide range of physiological effects, including immune modulation, anti-inflammatory actions, and metabolic regulation. The release of cortisol and other corticosteroids helps to regulate various bodily functions, particularly in response to stress, inflammation, and immune system activation.

Corticotropin, polypeptide hormone.

Injection

The following are the uses of Corticotropin Injection:

• Used for treating acute adrenal insufficiency, providing rapid relief during crises.
• Used for diagnosing conditions like Addison's disease by assessing adrenal gland function.
• Used for managing inflammatory bowel disease, reducing inflammation and symptoms.
• Used for treating multiple sclerosis relapses, helping to manage symptoms and prevent progression.
• Used for rheumatoid arthritis, reducing inflammation and improving joint function.
• Used for severe allergic reactions, offering quick relief and preventing potential complications.
• Used for certain types of cancers, aiding in the management and treatment of symptoms.

In the case of an overdose of Corticotropin Injection, it is important to recognize the potential severity of the situation. Overdosing on this medication can lead to an overproduction of corticosteroids, causing symptoms such as weight gain, fluid retention, and increased blood pressure. If an overdose is suspected, immediate medical advice should be sought. Treatment may involve supportive care and monitoring for any adverse effects, ensuring the patient's well-being and prompt recovery.

In the case of a missed dose of Corticotropin Injection, it is important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare professional. If you remember shortly after the missed dose, administer the injection as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to adjust your medication regimen.

To administer the Corticotropin Injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol swab, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, and slowly inject the prescribed dose subcutaneously, ensuring the entire medication is delivered before withdrawing the needle.

Here are the conditions and situations when Corticotropin Injection should not be used:

• Should not be administered to individuals with a hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to Corticotropin or any of its excipients.
• Contraindicated in patients with systemic fungal infections, as it can worsen the condition.
• Not recommended for individuals with infections that are not under control, such as tuberculosis.
• Should be avoided in patients with recent or active peptic ulcers, as it can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe osteoporosis, as it can further weaken the bones.
• Not suitable for individuals with recent heart surgery or severe heart conditions, such as heart failure or recent myocardial infarction.
• Should not be used in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, as it can increase blood glucose levels.
• Contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

The side effects of Corticotropin Injection may include:

• Localized pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site
• Allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, hives)
• Muscle pain or stiffness
• Headaches
• Increased blood pressure
• Mood changes, including irritability and anxiety
• Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)
• Stomach discomfort or gastrointestinal issues

Following are the precautions and warnings for Corticotropin Injection:

• Not recommended for individuals with systemic fungal infections, untreated bacterial infections, viral infections, or tuberculosis.
• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to corticotropin or related substances should avoid this medication.
• Caution is advised for patients with heart disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, diabetes, or myasthenia gravis, as close monitoring is required.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects, and dosage adjustments might be necessary.
• Corticotropin can cause fluid retention, so patients with epilepsy, migraine, glaucoma, or cardiovascular disorders should be closely monitored.
• May cause immunosuppression, so patients should avoid contact with infectious diseases, and any new infections should be reported to the doctor.
• This medication may alter mood and behavior, causing irritability, insomnia, and euphoria; caution is advised when operating machinery or driving.

Following are the drug interactions for Corticotropin Injection:

• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) may interact with anticoagulants like warfarin, leading to increased risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring is essential.
• Corticotropin can decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressants, including cyclosporine and tacrolimus, potentially leading to transplant rejection.
• Concomitant use with other corticosteroids may result in additive effects and increased risk of corticosteroid-related side effects.
• The use of ACTH with diabetes medications can cause increased blood glucose levels, requiring careful monitoring and dosage adjustments.
• Drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme, such as ketoconazole, can increase the effects and side effects of Corticotropin.
• Combining with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and worsen hypertension.
• Caution is advised when using with diuretics, as Corticotropin may decrease their potassium-wasting effects, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.

Following are the food interactions for Corticotropin Injection:

• Corticotropin can increase blood sugar levels, so monitoring glucose levels and adjusting diet accordingly is essential, especially for diabetic patients.
• Consuming high-potassium foods like bananas, oranges, and tomatoes may be recommended to maintain electrolyte balance, as Corticotropin can cause potassium loss.
• Salt intake should be regulated as Corticotropin can lead to sodium retention, affecting blood pressure.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, especially when used with Corticotropin.
• Foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, like dairy products, may be suggested to prevent bone density loss, a potential long-term side effect of Corticotropin.
• A balanced diet with lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats is generally advised to manage the metabolic effects of Corticotropin.
• Certain herbal supplements like St. John's Wort may interact with Corticotropin, so it's best to consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Always follow the dietary advice provided by your doctor to ensure the safe and effective use of Corticotropin Injection.

Corticotropin Injection should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably at room temperature between 20-25°C (68-77°F). Protect the injection from direct sunlight and do not freeze it. Keep the medication in its original packaging, ensuring the vial or ampoule is sealed tightly to maintain sterility. Avoid storing it in the bathroom or kitchen cabinets, as heat and moisture can degrade the medication. Always check the expiration date before use, and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication. Do not throw it in the trash or pour it down the drain; consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for safe disposal methods. Keep the injection out of the reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Corticotropin Injection:

• Administer the injection under medical supervision as directed by your doctor.
• Ensure proper dosage and injection technique to prevent complications.
• Rotate injection sites to minimize tissue irritation.
• Dispose of used needles and syringes safely in designated sharps containers.
• Store the medication as instructed to maintain its potency.
• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before use.
• Do not stop using the medication abruptly without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Contact your doctor if you experience any severe or unusual side effects.