Aknal (10mg/ml) 10 Ampoule Injections

Nalbuphine, a synthetic opioid, exerts its mechanism of action by acting as a mixed agonist-antagonist at opioid receptors. It binds to mu-opioid receptors, acting as a weak agonist, which provides analgesic effects. Simultaneously, nalbuphine blocks the effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids by acting as an antagonist at the kappa-opioid receptors, thereby reducing potential side effects such as sedation and respiratory depression associated with pure mu-opioid agonists. This unique dual action contributes to its effectiveness in managing pain while minimizing some of the undesirable opioid-related responses.

Opioid analgesic

injection

The following are the uses of Nalbuphine 10mg injection:

• Used for effectively managing moderate to severe pain, providing fast and effective relief.
• Used for controlling postoperative pain, ensuring patient comfort during recovery.
• Used for addressing visceral pain, which can be challenging to manage.
• Used for offering analgesia during labor, supporting women through the childbirth process.
• Used for alleviating pain associated with myocardial infarction, ensuring patient comfort during a critical time.
• Used for treating renal colic pain, providing much-needed relief from this intense discomfort.
• Used for managing pain in patients with cardiac disease, considering the unique challenges of this population.

In the case of an overdose of Nalbuphine 10mg injection, there is a potential risk of severe respiratory depression, which can lead to a life-threatening situation. Symptoms may include extreme drowsiness, difficulty breathing, slow heart rate, and loss of consciousness. It is crucial to seek immediate medical assistance and provide the patient with supportive care. Treatment may involve administering an opioid antagonist to reverse the effects of the overdose and ensuring adequate ventilation to support breathing. Prompt action is essential to prevent potentially fatal outcomes.

In the case of a missed dose of Nalbuphine 10mg injection, it is important to act promptly. If you realize you have missed a scheduled dose, administer the injection as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. It is crucial to maintain a consistent dosing regimen, and if you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to proceed safely.

To administer Nalbuphine 10mg injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, and slowly inject the medication into the muscle, ensuring the entire dose is delivered, then gently remove the needle and apply light pressure with a sterile bandage if needed.

Following are the conditions when Nalbuphine 10mg injection should not be used:

• Should not be administered to individuals with a confirmed or suspected allergy to nalbuphine or any of its excipients.
• Not recommended for patients with severe respiratory depression or asthma, as it may worsen breathing.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a head injury or increased intracranial pressure.
• Should not be used in patients with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of seizures or conditions that lower the seizure threshold.
• Avoid using in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction or severe abdominal conditions.
• Contraindicated during or immediately before labor, and in patients with a known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction.

The side effects of Nalbuphine 10mg injection may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Drowsiness or sedation
• Confusion or disorientation
• Respiratory depression (slowed or difficult breathing)
• Constipation
• Skin rash or itching
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Nalbuphine 10mg Injection:

• This medication should be used with caution in patients with respiratory problems as it may cause respiratory depression.
• Patients with a history of substance abuse or addiction should be closely monitored, as Nalbuphine has the potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
• Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of this medication, and dosage adjustments might be necessary.
• Nalbuphine can cause hypotension (low blood pressure); patients with cardiovascular diseases should be carefully monitored.
• It may impair cognitive and physical abilities, so patients should refrain from driving or operating heavy machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
• Not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• Should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity or allergies to Nalbuphine or any of its excipients.

Following are the drug interactions for Nalbuphine 10mg injection:

• Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, barbiturates) may enhance respiratory depression and sedation.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can prolong and intensify the effects of nalbuphine, leading to potential respiratory depression.
• Opioid antagonists (e.g., naloxone) can reverse the effects of nalbuphine and may precipitate withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent individuals.
• Nalbuphine may increase the sedative effects of other opioids, such as morphine or fentanyl, and enhance respiratory depression.
• Certain medications like phenytoin or rifampicin can decrease the effectiveness of nalbuphine by increasing its metabolism.
• The effects of muscle relaxants and general anesthetics may be potentiated by nalbuphine, requiring close monitoring.
• Antihypertensive medications might have their hypotensive effects increased by nalbuphine, which can lead to a significant drop in blood pressure.

Following are the food interactions for Nalbuphine 10mg injection:

• Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice as they can interfere with the metabolism of Nalbuphine, leading to increased drug levels and potential side effects.
• Alcohol consumption should be limited or avoided as it can enhance the sedative effects of Nalbuphine, causing increased drowsiness and respiratory depression.
• Caffeine-containing beverages like coffee and energy drinks may counteract the analgesic effects of Nalbuphine, reducing its effectiveness.
• Fatty meals might slightly delay the absorption of Nalbuphine, but this effect is generally not clinically significant.
• Avoid high-sodium foods as Nalbuphine can cause sodium retention, and excessive sodium intake may lead to fluid retention and elevated blood pressure.
• Some herbal supplements, like St. John's Wort, may affect the metabolism of Nalbuphine, potentially reducing its efficacy.
• Always inform your healthcare provider about your dietary habits and any herbal supplements you take to ensure safe and effective use of Nalbuphine.
• Maintaining a balanced diet and staying hydrated is generally recommended to support overall health during the use of Nalbuphine.

Nalbuphine 10mg injection should be stored in a controlled environment, specifically in a cool and dry place, ideally at room temperature, between 20-25°C (68-77°F). Protect the injection from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture, and ensure it is kept in its original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity. Do not freeze the injection as it may affect its potency. When disposing of unused or expired medication, do not throw it into the trash or pour it down the drain. Instead, follow local guidelines or consult a pharmacist for safe disposal methods to prevent any potential harm to the environment or others. Keep this medication securely locked away from children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Nalbuphine 10mg injection:

• Ensure you receive this injection under medical supervision.
• Inform your doctor if you have any allergies or medical conditions.
• Provide your complete medical history to your healthcare provider.
• Disclose all medications you are currently taking to avoid interactions.
• Report any unusual pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
• Do not reuse needles or syringes; dispose of them safely.
• Store the injection as directed by your pharmacist.
• Contact your doctor immediately if you experience difficulty breathing or severe dizziness.