ARTEDOXIN TAB (6+3)

Pyrimethamine primarily acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme essential for the production of folic acid (or folate) in various organisms, including parasites. By targeting DHFR, pyrimethamine interferes with the parasite's ability to synthesize folic acid, which is crucial for their growth and survival. Specifically, pyrimethamine inhibits the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, a reduced form of folate that is necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and other important cellular components. This mechanism disrupts the parasite's DNA synthesis and cell division, ultimately leading to their death or inhibition of growth. The selective toxicity of pyrimethamine towards parasitic organisms is due to the differences in the DHFR enzyme between the parasites and the host, allowing for effective treatment of parasitic infections with minimal impact on the host's own folate metabolism.

Antimalarial, Antiparasitic.

Tablet

The following are the uses of Pyrimethamine Tablet:

• Used for treating and preventing malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by parasites.
• Used for controlling and managing toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite.
• Used for preventing and managing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), a serious lung infection in people with weakened immunity.
• Used for managing certain parasitic infections of the digestive system, ensuring effective treatment.
• Used for treating and preventing various parasitic infections, especially in combination with other medications.
• Used for its anti-parasitic properties, targeting specific organisms to eliminate infections.
• Used for supporting the immune system in fighting off certain parasitic pathogens.

In the case of an overdose of Pyrimethamine Tablets, it is crucial to act promptly. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, seizures or respiratory distress. If an overdose is suspected, contact a healthcare professional or a poison control center immediately. They can provide guidance on the necessary steps, which may include inducing vomiting or administering activated charcoal to prevent further absorption. Quick action can help mitigate the potential harm caused by an overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Pyrimethamine Tablet, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you have missed multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication regimen. It is essential to maintain consistency in taking this medication as prescribed to ensure its effectiveness.

To take Pyrimethamine Tablet, swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional. It is typically taken once or twice a day, and it is recommended to take it with food to minimize stomach upset.

Following are the conditions/situations when Pyrimethamine Tablet should not be used:

• Must not be taken by individuals with a known allergy to Pyrimethamine or other similar antimalarial drugs.
• Not suitable for patients with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Should be avoided in people with a history of bone marrow disorders or low blood cell counts.
• Contraindicated in pregnant or breastfeeding women due to potential harm to the fetus or infant.
• Not recommended for individuals with known folate deficiency, as it can worsen this condition.
• Should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the tablet's components.
• Avoid in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy, as it may lower the seizure threshold.
• Not suitable for those with known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

The side effects of Pyrimethamine Tablet may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Skin rashes or itching
• Fever
• Fatigue and weakness
• Megaloblastic anemia (a blood disorder)
• Seizures (in rare cases)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Pyrimethamine Tablet:

• Do not take this medication if you have a known allergy to Pyrimethamine or any other ingredients in the tablet.
• Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor blood cell counts and liver function during treatment.
• Pyrimethamine can cause bone marrow suppression, so patients should be monitored for signs of infection or unusual bleeding/bruising.
• This medication should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, as it may require dosage adjustments.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking Pyrimethamine, as it can increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
• Pregnant women should not use Pyrimethamine unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks, as it can cause harm to the fetus.
• Breastfeeding women should exercise caution, as Pyrimethamine can pass into breast milk and potentially harm nursing infants.

Following are the drug interactions for Pyrimethamine Tablet:

• Avoid concurrent use with sulfonamides, as it may lead to increased risk of megaloblastic anemia and bone marrow depression.
• Concomitant use with cyclosporine can result in increased levels of both drugs, requiring close monitoring.
• Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and other anticonvulsants may decrease the effectiveness of Pyrimethamine.
• Folic acid supplements can reduce the efficacy of Pyrimethamine in treating malaria and toxoplasmosis.
• Theophylline levels may be increased, potentially requiring dosage adjustments.
• Pyrimethamine can inhibit the metabolism of certain antibiotics, such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, leading to elevated drug levels.
• Prolonged use with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may increase the risk of hematologic toxicity.

Following are the food interactions for Pyrimethamine Tablet:

• Avoid excessive consumption of high-fat meals as they may delay the absorption of Pyrimethamine, potentially affecting its effectiveness.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can inhibit CYP enzymes, leading to increased levels of Pyrimethamine in the blood and potentially causing adverse effects.
• Alcohol intake should be limited as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects associated with Pyrimethamine.
• Folic acid-rich foods like leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, and fortified cereals can help counteract the folic acid deficiency caused by Pyrimethamine.
• Vitamin B-rich foods such as whole grains, meat, and dairy products are essential to maintain overall health while taking Pyrimethamine.
• Ensure adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids to reduce the risk of kidney-related side effects.
• Avoid foods containing high levels of folic acid supplements, as they may interfere with Pyrimethamine's therapeutic effects.
• Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice regarding dietary restrictions or modifications during Pyrimethamine therapy.

Pyrimethamine Tablets should be stored in a cool, dry location, ideally at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). It is crucial to keep the tablets in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent exposure to light and moisture. Avoid storing them in the bathroom or kitchen, as heat and humidity can degrade the medication. Regularly check the expiration date, and do not use the tablets if they have expired. When disposing of unused or expired Pyrimethamine Tablets, do not flush them down the toilet or pour them into a drain. Instead, follow local guidelines or consult a pharmacist for safe disposal methods. Ensure that the medication is kept out of the reach of children to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Pyrimethamine Tablet:

• Take the tablet as directed by your doctor, typically once daily.
• Consume the tablet with a full glass of water to aid in swallowing.
• It is best taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
• Maintain a consistent schedule for taking the medication at the same time each day.
• Avoid drinking grapefruit juice or eating grapefruit while on this medication.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to prevent potential drug interactions.
• Store the tablets in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.