Azactam (1g) 1 Ampoule Injection

Aztreonam injection, a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, exerts its bactericidal effect by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. It selectively binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), particularly PBP3, which are essential for cross-linking peptidoglycan strands in the bacterial cell wall. This binding inhibits the transpeptidation reaction, preventing the formation of a strong and stable cell wall. As a result, the bacterial cell wall becomes weakened, leading to cell lysis and death. Aztreonam is specifically designed to target Gram-negative bacteria, as it can penetrate the outer membrane through porin channels, allowing it to access the PBPs and exert its antibacterial activity.

aztreonam

monobactam antibiotic.

Injection

The following are the uses of aztreonam injection:

• Used for treating severe infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria, particularly in patients allergic to penicillin.
• Used for controlling infections in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with cystic fibrosis or burn injuries.
• Used for treating respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis, caused by susceptible organisms.
• Used for managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by specific bacteria.
• Used for skin and soft tissue infections, including surgical site infections.
• Used for intra-abdominal infections, such as peritonitis, when caused by susceptible bacteria.
• Used for prevention of infections during high-risk surgical procedures in susceptible individuals.

In the case of an overdose of aztreonam injection, the primary concern is the potential for increased side effects and toxicity. Overdose may lead to an elevated risk of allergic reactions, including skin rashes, itching, and potentially severe anaphylactic reactions. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. It is crucial to promptly contact a healthcare professional or a poison control center for guidance on managing the overdose, as they can provide specific instructions and ensure appropriate medical care is administered.

In the case of a missed dose of aztreonam injection, it is important to administer the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication regimen. It is recommended to set reminders or alarms to help you stay on track with your prescribed dosing schedule.

To administer the aztreonam injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, inject the prescribed dose slowly, and then withdraw the needle, applying gentle pressure with a sterile bandage if needed.

Following are the conditions when aztreonam injection should not be administered:

• Must not be used in individuals with a confirmed hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to aztreonam or any other components in the formulation.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to similar antibiotic medications, such as penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of severe kidney disease or significantly impaired kidney function.
• Should not be administered if the patient has a history of seizures or conditions that increase the risk of seizures, as aztreonam may lower the seizure threshold.
• Not suitable for patients with a history of severe or life-threatening gastrointestinal disorders, especially those with a history of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea or antibiotic-associated colitis.
• Must be avoided in patients with a known or suspected bacterial infection caused by aztreonam-resistant bacteria.
• Not indicated for the treatment of viral infections or non-bacterial infections.

The side effects of aztreonam injection may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Skin rashes or itching
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, or redness)
• Allergic reactions (hives, itching, difficulty breathing)
• Changes in liver function tests

Following are the precautions and warnings for Aztreonam Injection:

• Allergic reactions are possible; immediate medical attention is required if symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing occur.
• Patients with a history of allergies, especially to penicillin or other antibiotics, should inform their doctor before using Aztreonam.
• Caution is advised for patients with kidney or liver disease, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Prolonged use may lead to superinfections or antibiotic resistance; monitor for signs of new infections.
• This medication should be used with caution in pregnant women only if clearly needed.
• It is not known if Aztreonam passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding women should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional.
• This medication may cause live bacterial vaccines (such as typhoid vaccine) to not work as well, so ensure the doctor is aware of all vaccinations received.
• Some products that may interact with this drug include probenecid, which can increase the risk of side effects. Inform your doctor of all medications you are taking.

Following are the drug interactions for aztreonam injection:

• Probenecid can decrease the renal excretion of aztreonam, potentially leading to increased serum levels.
• Concomitant use with nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, colistin) may increase the risk of renal toxicity.
• Aztreonam may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, requiring additional contraceptive measures.
• It can affect the efficacy of live bacterial vaccines, so their administration should be avoided during treatment.
• The effectiveness of aztreonam may be reduced when used with beta-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid.
• Neuromuscular blocking agents, when used with aztreonam, may prolong neuromuscular blockade.
• Caution is advised with drugs that cause electrolyte imbalance, as aztreonam contains sodium.

Following are the food interactions for Aztreonam Injection:

• Aztreonam is typically administered intravenously, so direct food interactions are minimal. However, it's important to maintain adequate nutrition during treatment.
• Ensure you stay well-hydrated by drinking enough fluids, especially water, as Aztreonam can be dehydrating.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it may reduce the effectiveness of the medication and increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
• There is no specific food that needs to be avoided, but maintaining a balanced diet is essential for overall health and recovery.
• Some foods with high nutritional value, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, can support the body's healing process.
• If you have any dietary restrictions or specific medical conditions, consult your healthcare provider for personalized dietary advice during the treatment period.
• In general, following a healthy diet and staying hydrated will contribute to a more effective recovery process while using Aztreonam Injection.

Aztreonam injection should be stored properly to maintain its effectiveness and safety. Keep the medication in a cool and dry place, preferably at room temperature, ensuring it is protected from direct sunlight and moisture. Store it in its original packaging, tightly sealed, to prevent contamination. Avoid extreme temperatures by not placing it in the bathroom or near heat sources like radiators or ovens. Regularly check the expiration date, and if the injection is no longer needed or has expired, proper disposal is crucial. Do not dispose of it via household waste or by pouring it down the drain; instead, consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for safe disposal methods. Keep the medication secure and out of the reach of children to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Aztreonam Injection:

• Administer the injection as prescribed by your physician to ensure effective treatment.
• Aztreonam is given intravenously, ensure the injection is prepared and administered by a healthcare professional.
• Follow the prescribed dosage and duration for best results.
• Do not mix aztreonam with other medications unless instructed by your doctor.
• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before starting the injection.
• Report any side effects or unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Store the injection as directed, away from direct sunlight and moisture.