BUTAL 400 TAB

Ethambutol, an antituberculosis medication, primarily exerts its effect by disrupting the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, a crucial component of the mycobacterial cell wall. This interference weakens the cell wall, leading to the inhibition of mycolic acid and cell wall assembly in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specifically, ethambutol targets the arabinosyl transferases encoded by the embB gene, which are essential for the polymerization of arabinogalactan. By binding to these enzymes, ethambutol impairs the transfer of arabinose molecules, ultimately disrupting the cell wall structure and contributing to the drug's bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis.

Ethambutol

Antitubercular.

Tablet

The following are the uses of Ethambutol Tablet:

• Used for treating tuberculosis, specifically targeting the bacteria causing the disease.
• Used for halting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the primary cause of TB.
• Used for preventing the bacteria from building essential components for their cell walls, thus weakening them.
• Used for improving symptoms such as persistent coughing, fever, and fatigue associated with TB.
• Used for supporting the overall treatment plan for tuberculosis, often in combination with other medications.
• Used for increasing the chances of successful treatment and reducing the risk of the bacteria becoming resistant.
• Used for maintaining a consistent treatment regimen, as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Used for ensuring patient adherence to the full course of treatment for optimal recovery.

In the case of an overdose of Ethambutol Tablets, individuals may experience an intensification of the drug's typical side effects, such as visual disturbances, altered color perception, and changes in the skin's pigmentation. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may also be present. In severe cases, overdosing can lead to more serious complications, including neurological issues and cardiovascular problems. Prompt medical intervention is vital to address these symptoms and manage any potential adverse effects effectively.

In the case of a missed dose of Ethambutol Tablet, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication regimen.

To take Ethambutol Tablets, swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water, usually once or twice a day, preferably on an empty stomach, or as directed by your healthcare professional, ensuring you complete the full course of medication as prescribed.

Here are the conditions or situations when Ethambutol Tablet should not be taken:

• Avoid using if you have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Ethambutol or any other similar drugs.
• Not suitable for patients with severe kidney disease or those on dialysis.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease or impaired liver function.
• Should not be used if you have optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve).
• Not recommended for children under 13 years of age due to the risk of optic nerve damage.
• Avoid using if you have a history of eye diseases or vision problems.
• Do not take this medication if you have a condition that affects your ability to absorb nutrients, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

The side effects of Ethambutol Tablet may include:

• Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision, reduced visual acuity, or changes in color vision.
• Skin reactions, including rashes, itching, and redness.
• Gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
• Joint pain and muscle weakness.
• Headache and dizziness.
• Peripheral neuropathy, leading to tingling and numbness in hands and feet.
• Hearing impairment or ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
• Liver problems, including elevated liver enzymes.

Following are the precautions and warnings:

• Ethambutol Tablets should not be used by individuals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to ethambutol or any of its components.
• Regular monitoring of visual acuity and color vision is essential during treatment. Discontinue use if visual disturbances occur.
• Patients with impaired kidney function require dosage adjustments, and kidney function should be monitored regularly.
• This medication may cause peripheral neuropathy, especially in patients with pre-existing neurological disorders. Regular neurological assessments are recommended.
• Ethambutol Tablets should be used with caution in patients with a history of liver disease, as it can affect liver function.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the side effects of this medication, particularly visual and neurological symptoms.
• Patients should be advised to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the effectiveness of the medication.

Following are the drug interactions for Ethambutol Tablet:

• Concomitant use with other drugs affecting the optic nerve, such as linezolid or chloroquine, may increase the risk of optic neuropathy.
• Ethambutol can decrease the effectiveness of live attenuated vaccines (e.g., BCG, measles, mumps, rubella) due to its immunosuppressive effects.
• It may interact with drugs that are primarily eliminated by the kidneys, such as aminoglycosides or amikacin, potentially increasing their levels.
• Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium can reduce the absorption of Ethambutol, leading to decreased effectiveness.
• Rifampin can induce the metabolism of Ethambutol, potentially reducing its therapeutic effect.
• Ethambutol may enhance the effects of hypoglycemic agents, including insulin, requiring careful monitoring of blood glucose levels.
• Concomitant use with other ototoxic medications, such as loop diuretics or certain antibiotics, may increase the risk of hearing loss.

Following are the food interactions for Ethambutol Tablet:

• Avoid consuming excessive amounts of foods rich in vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) like whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds while on Ethambutol therapy, as it may interfere with the drug's effectiveness.
• Maintain a balanced diet with a variety of foods to ensure adequate nutrition, as Ethambutol may cause gastrointestinal issues that can impact nutrient absorption.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects and could potentially interact with the medication.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided as they can interfere with the metabolism of many medications, potentially affecting the levels of Ethambutol in the body.
• Dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese should be consumed in moderation as they may lead to reduced absorption of Ethambutol.
• High-fiber foods like whole grains, legumes, and leafy vegetables can be beneficial as they may help manage gastrointestinal side effects associated with Ethambutol.
• Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids is important, especially when taking Ethambutol to support overall kidney health and reduce the risk of kidney-related side effects.

Ethambutol Tablets should be stored in a cool, dry area, preferably at room temperature, ensuring protection from light and moisture. It is crucial to keep the tablets in their original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid exposing the tablets to extreme temperatures, such as in the bathroom or near heating appliances, as this can impact their effectiveness. Always check the expiration date, and if the tablets have passed their expiry, dispose of them promptly and responsibly. Proper disposal methods should be followed, avoiding flushing or pouring them down the drain. Consult your pharmacist or local waste management guidelines for appropriate disposal instructions. Keep Ethambutol Tablets out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Ethambutol Tablet:

• Take the tablet as directed by your doctor, typically once or twice daily with or without food.
• Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, do not crush or chew.
• Maintain a consistent daily routine for taking the medication.
• Ensure regular eye examinations while on this medication to monitor for any visual changes.
• Inform your doctor if you have any kidney or liver problems before starting this medication.
• Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you experience blurred vision or other visual disturbances.
• Store the medication at room temperature, away from moisture and light.