CHLORAMPHENICOL 1G INJ PALIVA

Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, exerts its bactericidal effect primarily through inhibition of protein synthesis. It achieves this by binding reversibly to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby preventing the formation of the peptide bond between amino acids during protein synthesis. This binding interferes with the enzyme peptidyl transferase, which is essential for the growth and survival of bacteria. By disrupting protein synthesis, chloramphenicol ultimately leads to bacterial cell death. Its ability to penetrate the bacterial cell wall and reach the ribosomes makes it effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Chloramphenicol

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

Injection

The following are the uses of Chloramphenicol Injection:

• Used for treating serious infections like meningitis and brain abscesses, where other antibiotics may not penetrate effectively.
• Used for controlling bacterial infections that are resistant to other antibiotics.
• Used for treating severe eye infections, particularly those affecting the conjunctiva and cornea.
• Used for managing typhoid fever, ensuring rapid control of the infection.
• Used for certain types of blood poisoning (septicaemia) to prevent the infection from becoming life-threatening.
• Used for treating critically ill patients with severe bacterial infections when other antibiotics are not suitable.
• Used for treating severe respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia, when other treatment options are limited.
• Used for its broad-spectrum activity, effective against a wide range of bacteria, in critical medical situations.

In the case of an overdose of Chloramphenicol Injection, it is important to recognize the potential severity of the situation. Overdosing can lead to heightened toxicity and adverse effects. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, bone marrow suppression. Immediate medical intervention is necessary, and healthcare professionals should be contacted to provide guidance and initiate appropriate treatment protocols to manage the overdose effectively.

In the case of a missed dose of Chloramphenicol Injection, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, it is recommended to skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you frequently miss doses, it is advisable to set reminders or inform a caregiver to help ensure timely administration of the medication. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions regarding missed doses.

To administer Chloramphenicol Injection, prepare the injection by drawing the prescribed dose into a syringe, ensuring the needle is properly attached, and inject it intramuscularly or intravenously as directed by your healthcare professional, following the prescribed dosage and administration frequency.

Following are the conditions/situations when Chloramphenicol Injection should not be used:

• Must not be used in individuals with a known allergy to Chloramphenicol or other related antibiotics.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of bone marrow depression or blood disorders.
• Not suitable for individuals with known or suspected gluten intolerance (celiac disease).
• Should not be used in patients with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Avoid using in newborns, especially premature babies, due to the risk of gray baby syndrome.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to any ingredients in the formulation.
• Not recommended for patients with a history of porphyria, a group of disorders affecting the skin and nervous system.

The side effects of Chloramphenicol Injection may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Skin rashes or itching
• Grayish-blackish discoloration of the tongue
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fever or chills
• Unusual bleeding or bruising

Following are the precautions and warnings for Chloramphenicol Injection:

• Chloramphenicol should be used with extreme caution and only when other safer antibiotics are ineffective, due to its potential for serious side effects, including bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia.
• Regular monitoring of blood counts is essential during treatment to detect any signs of bone marrow toxicity.
• It should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Chloramphenicol or any of its components.
• Patients with liver or kidney disease should use it with caution as dosage adjustments may be required.
• Chloramphenicol should not be administered to infants, especially premature or low-birth-weight babies, as they are more susceptible to its toxic effects.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before using this medication, as it can pass into breast milk and may cause harm to the baby.
• This medication should only be used for serious or life-threatening infections, and the duration of treatment should be limited to the shortest possible time.
• Patients should be aware of the signs and symptoms of serious side effects and seek immediate medical attention if they experience any unusual reactions.

Following are the drug interactions for Chloramphenicol Injection:

• Prolonged use with other myelosuppressive drugs may increase the risk of bone marrow suppression.
• Chloramphenicol can reduce the effectiveness of live attenuated virus vaccines, such as measles and polio vaccines.
• It may interact with anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding; close monitoring is required.
• Phenytoin and phenobarbital can reduce Chloramphenicol levels, potentially decreasing its efficacy.
• Chloramphenicol may decrease the metabolism of oral hypoglycemic agents, leading to hypoglycemia.
• Rifampin can accelerate the elimination of Chloramphenicol, reducing its therapeutic effect.
• Concurrent use with other ototoxic drugs can increase the risk of hearing loss.

Following are the food interactions for Chloramphenicol Injection:

• Avoid alcohol consumption during the treatment period as it may increase the risk of side effects and liver toxicity.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided as they can interfere with the metabolism of Chloramphenicol, leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt should be consumed with caution as they may reduce the absorption of Chloramphenicol, potentially decreasing its effectiveness.
• High-fat meals may delay the absorption of Chloramphenicol, so it is best to take the injection on an empty stomach or as directed by your healthcare professional.
• Avoid consuming herbal supplements like St. John's Wort as they may interact with Chloramphenicol and affect its effectiveness.
• Certain foods rich in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables, should be consumed in moderation as Chloramphenicol can interfere with blood clotting.
• Avoid foods that are known to cause stomach irritation, such as spicy or acidic dishes, as Chloramphenicol may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
• Always follow the dietary recommendations provided by your doctor or pharmacist to ensure the best outcome from the treatment.

Chloramphenicol Injection should be stored and disposed of with utmost care. It should be kept in a secure location, away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture, preferably in a cool and dry place. The injection should be stored in its original packaging, ensuring the cap is tightly sealed to maintain sterility. It is crucial not to use the injection if the solution appears discolored or contains particles. Always check the expiration date, and if expired, do not use or administer. For disposal, do not flush or pour the injection down the drain or toilet. Contact your healthcare provider or pharmacist for instructions on proper disposal methods to ensure it is done safely and in an environmentally friendly manner, keeping it out of the reach of children and pets.

Following are the quick tips for Chloramphenicol Injection:

• Administer the injection under medical supervision; do not self-inject.
• Ensure the injection is prepared and administered by a trained healthcare professional.
• Verify the correct dosage and injection site as instructed by your doctor.
• Do not reuse needles or syringes; dispose of them safely after use.
• Report any signs of allergic reaction, such as rash or difficulty breathing, immediately.
• Monitor your health and inform your doctor if you experience any side effects during treatment.
• Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed for maximum effectiveness.