Chloromycetin (250mg) 240 Capsules

Chloramphenicol, an antibiotic, exerts its bactericidal effect primarily through a unique mechanism. It specifically targets the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. By binding to this subunit, chloramphenicol prevents the formation of peptide bonds, thereby disrupting the bacterial cell's ability to produce essential proteins. This inhibition is achieved by blocking the peptidyl transferase activity, which is crucial for the elongation of the polypeptide chain during translation. The drug's narrow spectrum of activity primarily covers gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain intracellular parasites, making it effective against a range of bacterial infections.

Chloramphenicol

Antibiotic

Capsule

The following are the uses of Chloramphenicol Capsule:

• Used for treating serious bacterial infections when other antibiotics may not be suitable.
• Used for controlling bacterial infections in specific conditions like meningitis.
• Used as a second-line treatment for typhoid fever.
• Effective against a range of bacteria, including those resistant to other antibiotics.
• Used in situations where rapid action is required to control the infection.
• Used as a last resort for severe, life-threatening infections.

In the case of an overdose of Chloramphenicol Capsules, it is important to recognize the potential severity of the situation. Symptoms may include severe gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as more serious complications like bone marrow suppression and blood disorders. Prompt medical intervention is vital, and individuals should seek emergency care for appropriate treatment and management of the overdose. Timely action can help mitigate the risks associated with excessive Chloramphenicol intake.

In the case of a missed dose of Chloramphenicol Capsule, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication regimen. It is advisable to maintain a consistent dosing routine to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.

To take Chloramphenicol capsules, swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water, ensuring you follow the prescribed dosage as directed by your healthcare provider, typically 1 to 4 times a day, with or without food, depending on the condition being treated.

Following are the conditions/situations when Chloramphenicol Capsule should not be used:

• Do not use if you have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Chloramphenicol or any other ingredients in the formulation.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of bone marrow depression or blood disorders.
• Avoid using if you have a history of liver or kidney disease.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of optic or peripheral neuritis.
• Do not administer to infants, especially premature babies, due to the risk of 'Grey Baby Syndrome'.
• Should not be used in patients with a known or suspected bacterial infection that is not proven or strongly suspected to be susceptible to Chloramphenicol.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of aplastic anemia.
• Do not use if you have a history of serious gastrointestinal disorders or diseases.

The side effects of Chloramphenicol Capsule may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Skin rashes or itching
• Greyish-blue discoloration of the tongue, teeth, or gums
• Joint or muscle pain
• Blood disorders, such as anemia or a decrease in white blood cells
• Neurological issues like headache, dizziness, or confusion

Following are the precautions and warnings for Chloramphenicol Capsule:

• Do not use this medication if you have a history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to Chloramphenicol or any of its components.
• Blood tests are required to monitor blood cell counts during long-term treatment with Chloramphenicol due to its potential bone marrow suppression.
• It should be used with caution in individuals with kidney or liver disease, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking Chloramphenicol as it may increase the risk of side effects.
• Patients with a history of gastrointestinal problems should use it with caution as it may exacerbate these conditions.
• Chloramphenicol should be used with extreme caution in infants, especially premature or low-birth-weight babies, due to the risk of Grey Baby Syndrome.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before using Chloramphenicol as it can pass into breast milk and may harm the fetus or infant.

Following are the drug interactions for Chloramphenicol Capsule:

• Chloramphenicol may reduce the effectiveness of live attenuated vaccines like MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and varicella (chickenpox) vaccines. Vaccinations should be postponed until after treatment.
• It can interact with phenytoin, a seizure medication, leading to increased levels of phenytoin and potential toxicity.
• Anticoagulants such as warfarin may have their effects enhanced by Chloramphenicol, increasing the risk of bleeding.
• When combined with bone marrow depressant drugs, Chloramphenicol can further decrease bone marrow function.
• The antibiotic Rifampicin may reduce Chloramphenicol levels, making it less effective.
• Chloramphenicol can inhibit the metabolism of Cyclosporine, leading to increased Cyclosporine levels and potential toxicity.
• Drugs that induce or inhibit liver enzymes may affect Chloramphenicol metabolism, altering its effectiveness.

Following are the food interactions for Chloramphenicol Capsule:

• Avoid consuming alcohol during the treatment with Chloramphenicol as it may increase the risk of liver damage and enhance the sedative effects of alcohol.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can inhibit the metabolism of Chloramphenicol, leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• High-fat meals can delay the absorption of Chloramphenicol, so it is best to take the medication on an empty stomach or with a light meal.
• Avoid consuming dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt close to the time of taking Chloramphenicol, as calcium can bind to the antibiotic and reduce its absorption.
• Vitamin supplements containing Vitamin B12 should be taken cautiously as Chloramphenicol can interfere with its absorption, potentially leading to B12 deficiency.
• Limit the intake of caffeine as Chloramphenicol can prolong the effects of caffeine on the nervous system, possibly causing increased nervousness and insomnia.
• Avoid herbal supplements like St. John's Wort as they can alter the effectiveness of Chloramphenicol by influencing the body's metabolism.
• Always ensure you are well-hydrated when taking Chloramphenicol to reduce the risk of kidney complications.

Chloramphenicol Capsules should be stored in a secure and dry location, preferably at room temperature, away from excessive heat, moisture, or direct sunlight. Keep the capsules in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to store them in the bathroom or kitchen, as these areas can expose the medication to humidity and temperature fluctuations. Always check the expiration date, and if the capsules have passed their expiry, dispose of them carefully. Do not flush or pour them down the drain; instead, seek guidance from a pharmacist or healthcare professional for appropriate disposal methods. Ensure that the medication is kept out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Chloramphenicol Capsule:

• Take the capsule as directed by your doctor; do not exceed the prescribed dosage.
• Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water; do not crush or chew it.
• Maintain a consistent dosing schedule to ensure effective treatment.
• Complete the full course of medication, even if you feel better early on.
• Inform your doctor if you have any allergies or medical conditions before starting this medication.
• Store the capsules in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience severe side effects like skin rash, fever, or unusual bleeding.