CHLOROMYCETIN PAL 60ML SUSP

Chloramphenicol, the active ingredient in Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension, exhibits its antimicrobial effect through a unique mechanism. It primarily acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Chloramphenicol binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, specifically targeting the peptidyl transferase center, which is crucial for the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis. By interfering with this process, Chloramphenicol disrupts the growth and multiplication of susceptible bacteria, leading to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This mechanism of action makes Chloramphenicol effective against a wide range of bacteria, including some gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Chloramphenicol

Antibiotic

Suspension

The following are the uses of Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension:

• Used for treating bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the respiratory tract.
• Used for controlling bacterial growth in severe conditions like meningitis.
• Used for treating typhoid fever, effectively combating the Salmonella bacteria.
• Used for managing eye infections, especially bacterial conjunctivitis.
• Used for its broad-spectrum activity against various bacterial strains.
• Used for its effectiveness in cases where other antibiotics might not be suitable.
• Used for pediatric patients, offering a palatable option for children's medication.
• Used for ensuring medication compliance, as the syrup/suspension form is easy to administer.

In the case of an overdose of Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension, immediate medical attention is necessary. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, seizures or respiratory distress. Quick action is vital, including contacting poison control or emergency services. Treatment may involve gastric lavage, administering activated charcoal, and providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent further complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to adjust the dosing schedule and ensure the treatment remains effective.

To administer Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension, shake the bottle well, measure the prescribed dose with an oral syringe or measuring spoon, and give it to the patient by mouth, following the dosage instructions provided by the healthcare professional, typically every 6 hours or as directed, ensuring it is taken with a full glass of water and can be taken with or without food.

Following are the conditions/situations when Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension should not be used:

• Must not be administered to patients with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Chloramphenicol or any of the ingredients in the medication.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of bone marrow depression or blood disorders.
• Avoid in patients with a known or suspected deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as it can trigger hemolytic anemia.
• Should not be used in patients with known or suspected liver disease or dysfunction.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of gastrointestinal problems, especially colitis.
• Contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the last stages, due to potential harm to the fetus.
• Should not be given to infants, especially premature or low birth weight babies, due to the risk of 'Grey Baby Syndrome'.
• Avoid in patients with severe kidney disease or impairment as dosage adjustments may be required.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to other antibiotics.

The side effects of Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain or cramps
• Loss of appetite
• Skin rashes or itching
• Greyish-blue discoloration of the tongue or teeth (mild and temporary)
• Blood disorders such as anemia or thrombocytopenia
• Hypersensitivity reactions

Following are the precautions and warnings for Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension:

• Do not use if you are allergic to Chloramphenicol or any of its components; severe reactions may occur.
• Blood disorders have been associated with Chloramphenicol use, so regular blood monitoring is essential during treatment.
• Caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Avoid prolonged use, especially in infants and young children, due to potential risks.
• Chloramphenicol may cause bone marrow suppression; patients should be monitored for signs of infection or unusual bleeding/bruising.
• Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant, as Chloramphenicol may cause harm to the fetus or newborn.
• This medication can cause severe and sometimes fatal reactions; seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms like fever, sore throat, rash, or unusual tiredness.

Following are the drug interactions for Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension:

• It may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, leading to breakthrough bleeding and potential contraceptive failure.
• Chloramphenicol can inhibit the metabolism of Phenytoin, resulting in increased Phenytoin levels and potential toxicity.
• Concurrent use with bone marrow depressants (e.g., sulfonamides, penicillins) may enhance myelosuppression, increasing the risk of bone marrow toxicity.
• The drug can interfere with the bactericidal activity of Penicillin, reducing its effectiveness against certain bacteria.
• Chloramphenicol may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants like Warfarin.
• It may interact with certain medications metabolized by the liver, such as Cyclosporine, potentially leading to increased drug levels and toxicity.
• Caution is advised when combining with Metoclopramide, as it may increase Chloramphenicol levels and the risk of adverse effects.

Following are the food interactions for Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension:

• Avoid consuming alcohol during the treatment with Chloramphenicol as it can increase the risk of side effects and may cause liver damage.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can affect the metabolism of Chloramphenicol, leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• Dairy products like milk and yogurt may interfere with the absorption of Chloramphenicol, so it is advisable to take the medication at least 1-2 hours before or after consuming dairy.
• High-fat meals may delay the absorption of Chloramphenicol, so it is best to take the medication on an empty stomach or as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Avoid consuming herbal products like St. John's Wort as it may decrease the effectiveness of Chloramphenicol by increasing its metabolism.
• Vitamin K-rich foods like leafy green vegetables and liver products can reduce the anticoagulant effect of Chloramphenicol when used for this purpose.
• If you are taking Chloramphenicol for a prolonged period, ensure a balanced diet as it may affect the absorption of essential nutrients.
• Always follow the dosage instructions provided by your doctor, and inform them about any dietary concerns or potential food interactions.

Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension should be stored with caution, preferably in a refrigerator between 2-8°C (36-46°F). Keep the medication in its original container, tightly sealed, and away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture to maintain its potency. Ensure the storage location is secure and out of the reach of children and pets. When disposing of unused or expired Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension, do not throw it into the trash or pour it down the drain. Instead, contact your pharmacist or local waste management authority for guidance on safe disposal methods to prevent environmental contamination. It is crucial to follow these storage and disposal instructions to maintain the medication's effectiveness and minimize potential risks.

Following are the quick tips for Chloramphenicol Syrup/Suspension:

• Consult a doctor or pharmacist for the right dosage based on your condition.
• Ensure you understand the prescription and follow the dosage instructions precisely.
• Administer the syrup/suspension orally, shaking the bottle well before each use.
• Take the medication at evenly spaced intervals to maintain a constant level in the body.
• Store the medication at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Check the expiration date before use and discard any expired medication.
• Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any adverse reactions or side effects.
• Do not share your medication with others, even if they have similar symptoms.