COLIATE INJ (1 IU)

Colistimethate sodium, upon administration, is rapidly converted to colistin (also known as polymyxin E) by hydrolysis. Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic that primarily acts by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. It binds to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, displacing divalent cations and destabilizing the membrane structure. This leads to increased membrane permeability, leakage of intracellular contents, and ultimately, bacterial cell death. Colistin is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria due to its ability to neutralize the protective effects of LPS and penetrate the outer membrane, allowing it to reach and disrupt the inner cytoplasmic membrane.

Polymyxin antibiotic

Injection

The following are the uses of Colistimethate Sodium Ip Injection:

• Used for treating severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in cases of respiratory and abdominal infections.
• Used for managing infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, where it helps control bacterial growth in the lungs.
• Used for treating complicated urinary tract infections caused by resistant strains of bacteria.
• Used for managing hospital-acquired infections, including those related to surgical procedures or devices.
• Used for combating skin and soft tissue infections, especially in cases of diabetic foot ulcers.
• Used for treating septicemia (bloodstream infection) when other antibiotics are ineffective.
• Used for preventing infections during high-risk surgeries, as a prophylactic measure.
• Used for managing infections in patients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy.

In the case of an overdose of Colistimethate Sodium Ip Injection, seek medical assistance promptly. Symptoms of an overdose may include difficulty breathing, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and severe dizziness. Treatment involves managing these symptoms and providing supportive care. Ensure you inform the healthcare provider about the specific dosage taken and any other medications being used to aid in prompt and effective treatment. It is crucial to act quickly and seek professional help in such situations.

In the case of a missed dose of Colistimethate Sodium IP Injection, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to adjust your dosing schedule to ensure the best treatment outcome. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosing regimen for this medication to maintain its effectiveness.

To administer Colistimethate Sodium Ip Injection, reconstitute the powder with the provided sterile water, gently swirl the vial to dissolve the medication completely, and then withdraw the prescribed dose using a sterile syringe, ensuring proper aseptic technique, and inject it intravenously or intramuscularly as directed by your healthcare professional, following the prescribed dosage and administration schedule.

Following are the conditions/situations when Colistimethate Sodium IP Injection should not be used:

• Allergic reactions Should not be used if the patient has a known or suspected allergy to Colistimethate Sodium, polymyxins, or any of the excipients in the injection.
• Kidney function Contraindicated in patients with severe kidney impairment or those on dialysis, as dosage adjustments are necessary to prevent toxicity.
• Neuromuscular disorders Not recommended for patients with known or suspected neuromuscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis, as it may exacerbate muscle weakness.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding Should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• Pediatric use Not recommended for neonates and infants due to the risk of permanent bilateral nerve damage associated with inadvertent intra-arterial injection.
• Ear disorders Should not be used in patients with known or suspected perforation or tympanic membrane rupture.
• Respiratory conditions Contraindicated in patients with known or suspected respiratory conditions such as asthma, as it may cause bronchospasm.
• Central nervous system (CNS) disorders Should be used with caution in patients with CNS disorders, as it may cause seizures or CNS toxicity.
• Hearing impairment Not recommended for patients with pre-existing hearing loss, as it may worsen hearing function.

The side effects of Colistimethate Sodium Ip Injection may include:

• Ear problems like hearing loss or vertigo
• Kidney issues, including increased creatinine levels
• Muscle weakness or paralysis
• Difficulty breathing or respiratory distress
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, or hives
• Neurotoxicity, which can lead to confusion, seizures, or changes in mental status.

Following are the precautions and warnings for Colistimethate Sodium IP Injection:

• This medication is intended for intravenous use only and should be administered by trained healthcare professionals.
• Patients with a known allergy to Colistimethate Sodium or any of its components should not receive this injection.
• It should be used with caution in patients with a history of kidney or nerve problems, as it may worsen these conditions.
• Close monitoring of kidney function is necessary during treatment, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney issues.
• May cause nerve damage, particularly with prolonged or repeated use, so patients should be monitored for any neurological symptoms.
• Not recommended for use in pregnant or breastfeeding women unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• Patients should inform their doctor about all other medications they are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
• Discontinue use and seek medical attention if any severe or unusual side effects occur, such as difficulty breathing, severe skin reactions, or signs of anaphylaxis.

Following are the drug interactions for Colistimethate Sodium Ip Injection:

• Neuromuscular blocking agents and other medications that affect neuromuscular transmission may have additive effects, potentially leading to respiratory paralysis.
• Concurrent use with other nephrotoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides or vancomycin, can increase the risk of kidney damage.
• Colistimethate Sodium may interact with other antibiotics, like aminoglycosides, potentially increasing the risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
• The effectiveness of live vaccines may be reduced when administered during Colistimethate Sodium therapy.
• Diuretics, especially furosemide, may enhance the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with Colistimethate Sodium.
• Drugs that impair kidney function can decrease the elimination of Colistimethate Sodium, increasing the risk of toxicity.
• Caution is advised when using Colistimethate Sodium with medications that affect renal function, as it may impact drug clearance.

Following are the food interactions for Colistimethate Sodium IP Injection:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may increase the risk of kidney damage and other side effects associated with the medication.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they may interfere with the medication's metabolism, potentially affecting its efficacy and increasing the risk of side effects.
• Avoid high-sodium foods as this medication contains sodium, and excessive sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure.
• Limit or avoid potassium-rich foods like bananas, oranges, and tomatoes as this medication can affect potassium levels in the body.
• Avoid caffeine or limit its intake as it may interact with the medication and affect its absorption.
• Consuming high-fat meals may slightly delay the absorption of the medication, but it generally does not significantly impact its effectiveness.
• Ensure adequate fluid intake to maintain hydration, especially if experiencing diarrhea as a side effect of the medication.
• There are no specific food restrictions, but it's advisable to maintain a balanced diet to support overall health during the treatment period.

Storage and disposal of Colistimethate Sodium IP Injection require careful attention. This medication should be stored at room temperature, between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F), in a dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. It is crucial to keep the injection in its original packaging to maintain its integrity and protect it from light and moisture. Do not freeze the solution as it may affect its potency. Always check the expiration date before use, and discard any unused or expired medication. Proper disposal is essential; do not pour it down the drain or flush it, but consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for guidance on safe disposal methods. Keep the injection out of the reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Colistimethate Sodium Ip Injection:

• Administer the injection under medical supervision for safety and effectiveness.
• Ensure the injection is prepared and administered by a trained healthcare professional.
• Verify the dosage and injection site as directed by the doctor or pharmacist.
• Do not inject into veins or arteries; follow the prescribed route of administration.
• Store the injection as directed, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Dispose of used needles and syringes safely to prevent injuries and infections.
• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before using this medication.
• Do not reuse or share needles to prevent the spread of infections.