Dilantin (125mg/5ml) 237ml Suspension

Phenytoin, the active ingredient in Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension, exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by stabilizing neuronal membranes and inhibiting sodium channel activity. It preferentially binds to the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium ions into neurons. This action limits the repetitive firing of neurons, decreasing the excitability of the nervous system and suppressing the abnormal electrical activity associated with seizures. Phenytoin's ability to reduce neuronal excitability is believed to be responsible for its effectiveness in controlling seizures and managing certain types of epilepsy.

Anticonvulsant

Suspension

The following are the uses of Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Used for controlling and preventing seizures in epilepsy patients, particularly in children.
• Used for managing tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures.
• Used to prevent seizures during or after surgery in patients with a history of seizures.
• Used to stabilize abnormal electrical activity in the brain, helping to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
• Used for treating certain types of nerve pain and stabilizing mood disorders in specific cases.
• Used as an alternative for patients who are unable to take the medication in pill form.
• Used to provide a consistent dosage and easy administration, especially for children and those with swallowing difficulties.

In the case of an overdose of Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension, individuals may experience symptoms such as dizziness, slurred speech, coordination problems, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness. It is important to recognize the signs early, as prompt medical intervention is necessary. Treatment may involve gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent further complications. Immediate medical care should be sought if an overdose is suspected.

In the case of a missed dose of Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance, as they may recommend adjusting the dosage or provide specific instructions for catching up on missed doses safely.

To administer Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension, shake the bottle well, measure the prescribed dose with an oral syringe or dosing cup, and take it orally as directed by your healthcare professional, typically 2 to 3 times a day, with or without food, ensuring not to exceed the recommended dosage.

Following are the conditions/situations when Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension should not be used:

• Avoid using if you have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Phenytoin, other hydantoin derivatives, or any of the excipients in the medication.
• Do not use if you have a history of bone marrow suppression or are currently experiencing it.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of liver disease or significant liver dysfunction.
• Should not be used if you have a specific heart condition called sinus bradycardia (slow heart rate).
• Avoid using if you have a history of a rare condition called Adams-Stokes syndrome.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of severe low blood pressure or circulatory collapse.
• Do not use if you have a condition called acute intermittent porphyria.

The side effects of Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension may include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Uncontrolled eye movements (nystagmus)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• Skin rashes or hives
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Slurred speech
• Unusual hair growth or hair loss

Following are the precautions and warnings for Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Allergic reactions may occur; monitor for symptoms like rash, itching, or swelling and seek medical attention if they arise.
• Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor phenytoin levels and liver function.
• Patients with a history of liver disease should be closely monitored as Phenytoin can affect liver function.
• Avoid abrupt discontinuation; gradual reduction in dosage is essential to prevent withdrawal seizures.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to side effects and require lower initial doses.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
• Phenytoin may cause gum enlargement; maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial during treatment.
• This medication may cause dizziness and affect coordination; avoid activities requiring mental alertness until you know how it affects you.

Following are the drug interactions for Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Alcohol consumption can reduce phenytoin's effectiveness and increase the risk of side effects.
• Drugs like carbamazepine and phenobarbital can decrease phenytoin levels, potentially leading to seizures.
• May interact with warfarin, requiring closer monitoring of INR and potential dose adjustments.
• Certain antibiotics like rifampicin can speed up phenytoin metabolism, reducing its effectiveness.
• Can enhance the effects of CNS depressants like benzodiazepines, leading to increased sedation.
• May decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, requiring alternative birth control methods.
• Phenytoin may alter the metabolism of other drugs, including some antidepressants and antiepileptic medications.

Following are the food interactions for Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Avoid consuming alcohol while taking this medication as it can slow down the metabolism of Phenytoin, leading to increased side effects and altered drug levels in the body.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed cautiously as they can inhibit the enzymes responsible for metabolizing Phenytoin, potentially increasing its levels in the blood and the risk of side effects.
• High-fat meals can affect the absorption of Phenytoin. It is advisable to maintain a consistent diet, either low-fat or high-fat, to ensure stable drug levels.
• Dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese may interfere with the absorption of Phenytoin. Consider separating the medication and dairy intake by a few hours to minimize this interaction.
• Vitamin D supplements may decrease the effectiveness of Phenytoin. If you are taking Vitamin D, consult your healthcare provider for dosage adjustments.
• Folic acid supplementation is recommended as Phenytoin may reduce folate levels in the body, potentially leading to anemia.
• Avoid excessive consumption of foods rich in Vitamin K (e.g., leafy greens) as Phenytoin can interfere with blood clotting, and Vitamin K can counteract this effect.
• Some herbal supplements like St. John's Wort can decrease Phenytoin levels, potentially reducing its effectiveness. Consult your healthcare provider before taking any herbal supplements.

Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension should be stored in a controlled environment, preferably at room temperature, away from excessive heat, direct sunlight, and moisture. Keep the medication in its original container, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to store it in the bathroom or kitchen, as these areas can expose the medication to temperature fluctuations. Always check the expiration date, and if the syrup has passed its expiry or is no longer needed, proper disposal is essential. Avoid pouring it down the drain or flushing it; instead, seek advice from a pharmacist or healthcare professional for safe disposal methods. Ensure that the medication is kept out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Phenytoin 125mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Follow your doctor's instructions for dosage and duration of treatment.
• Shake the bottle vigorously before each use to ensure proper mixing.
• Administer the syrup using the provided measuring device for accurate dosing.
• Consume the syrup immediately after measuring to ensure accuracy.
• Avoid missing doses; if you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's close to your next dose.
• Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one; consult your doctor if you have frequent missed doses.
• Store the syrup at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.