EPANUTIN IMP 100MG CAP 84'S (PHENYTOIN)

Phenytoin's primary mechanism of action is related to its ability to stabilize neuronal membranes and reduce neuronal excitability. It preferentially blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in their inactive state, which slows down the rate at which these channels recover from inactivation. This action leads to a decrease in the amplitude of sodium-dependent action potentials, particularly in rapidly firing neurons. By reducing the excessive and rapid firing of neurons, phenytoin helps to control seizures by preventing the spread of seizure activity and restoring normal neuronal activity. This mechanism is particularly effective in treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures and focal seizures.

Anticonvulsant

Capsule

The following are the uses of Phenytoin 100MG Capsule:

• Used for controlling seizures in epilepsy patients, effectively reducing the frequency and severity of seizures.
• Used for treating trigeminal neuralgia, providing relief from facial nerve pain.
• Used for stabilizing abnormal heart rhythms, particularly certain types of irregular heartbeats.
• Used for managing neuropathic pain, helping alleviate pain caused by damaged nerves.
• Used for preventing seizures during or after surgeries, ensuring patient safety.
• Used for managing seizures associated with brain injuries or infections, offering crucial support.
• Used for controlling seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy, ensuring the well-being of both mother and child.

In the case of an overdose of Phenytoin 100MG Capsules, individuals may experience symptoms such as dizziness, slurred speech, difficulty in coordination, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Overdose can lead to life-threatening conditions, including respiratory depression and cardiac arrhythmias. It is crucial to seek medical assistance immediately if an overdose is suspected. Prompt treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the potential for long-term complications associated with Phenytoin overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Phenytoin 100MG Capsule, it is generally recommended to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. It is important to maintain a consistent level of medication in your body, so try to take your medication at the same time each day to ensure its effectiveness. If you frequently miss doses, consult your healthcare provider for advice on how to manage your medication routine.

To take Phenytoin 100MG Capsule, swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water, ensuring you follow the prescribed dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, typically taken once or twice daily as directed.

Following are the conditions when Phenytoin 100MG Capsule should not be taken:

• Avoid if allergic to phenytoin, other hydantoin derivatives, or any ingredients in the formulation.
• Do not use if suffering from a condition called idiopathic Stokes-Adams syndrome (a type of fainting due to a slow heart rate).
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of bone marrow suppression.
• Should not be used if you have a specific heart condition called sinus bradycardia (slow heartbeat).
• Avoid if you have a second or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block (a type of heart rhythm problem).
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of liver disease or liver damage.
• Do not use if you have a condition with abnormal brain wave patterns called hypoxia-induced encephalopathy.

The side effects of Phenytoin 100MG Capsule may include:

• Dizziness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Excessive hair growth
• Speech difficulties (slurred speech)
• Swelling of the gums
• Skin rashes or itching
• Unsteady gait

Following are the precautions and warnings for Phenytoin 100MG Capsule:

• Do not abruptly stop taking Phenytoin without medical supervision, as it may lead to seizures or other complications.
• Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor liver function, blood cell counts, and phenytoin levels in the blood.
• Inform your doctor if you have a history of liver or kidney disease, as dosage adjustments may be required.
• Phenytoin can cause gum hyperplasia; regular dental hygiene and dental check-ups are essential during treatment.
• Avoid alcohol consumption as it can increase the risk of side effects and impair coordination.
• This medication may cause dizziness or drowsiness; do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
• Pregnant women should use Phenytoin only if clearly needed and under strict medical supervision, as it may cause harm to the fetus.
• Consult your doctor before breastfeeding while taking Phenytoin, as it can pass into breast milk.

Following are the drug interactions for Phenytoin 100MG Capsule:

• Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of side effects and should be avoided or limited.
• Phenytoin can decrease the effectiveness of hormonal birth control methods, requiring alternative contraception.
• Carbamazepine may reduce Phenytoin levels, requiring monitoring and dose adjustments.
• Anticoagulants like warfarin may have altered effects when taken with Phenytoin, necessitating regular blood tests.
• The effectiveness of some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be reduced by Phenytoin.
• Phenytoin can affect the metabolism of other medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, and antiepileptic drugs, requiring dose adjustments.
• Drugs that induce or inhibit liver enzymes may influence Phenytoin levels, requiring close monitoring.
• Concomitant use with other antiepileptic drugs may require dosage adjustments to maintain therapeutic levels.

Following are the food interactions for Phenytoin 100MG Capsule:

• Phenytoin levels can be affected by eating habits. Fatty foods can increase absorption, leading to higher drug levels.
• Grapefruit juice should be avoided as it can alter the metabolism of Phenytoin, potentially causing increased drug levels and toxicity.
• High-fiber foods may reduce the absorption of Phenytoin. Consume these foods away from medication timing.
• Alcohol consumption can enhance the sedative effects of Phenytoin, increasing the risk of dizziness and drowsiness.
• Vitamin D levels may be reduced by Phenytoin. Discuss with your doctor about vitamin D supplementation.
• Calcium-rich foods like dairy products can potentially decrease Phenytoin absorption.
• Foods containing carbohydrates and proteins may affect Phenytoin levels. Monitor levels when making dietary changes.
• Maintain a consistent diet to ensure stable Phenytoin levels in the body.

Phenytoin 100MG Capsules should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably at room temperature, ensuring protection from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep the capsules in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to store them in bathrooms or near heat-emitting appliances, as temperature fluctuations can impact the medication's effectiveness. When disposing of unused or expired capsules, do not flush them or pour them down the drain. Consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for appropriate disposal methods to ensure environmental safety. Additionally, keep the medication securely stored away from children to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Phenytoin 100MG Capsule:

• Start with a low dose and gradually increase as directed by your doctor to find the optimal therapeutic level.
• Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water; do not crush or chew.
• Take the capsule at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels.
• Ensure regular blood tests to monitor phenytoin levels and adjust dosage accordingly.
• Avoid alcohol consumption as it can interfere with the medication's effectiveness.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you take to prevent potential drug interactions.
• Store the capsules in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.