Epilim 120ml Liquid

Sodium valproate 250mg Liquid primarily exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms of action in the brain. It primarily acts as a potent inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to the stabilization of neuronal membranes and the suppression of excessive neuronal firing. This action helps reduce the frequency and amplitude of epileptiform discharges, which is particularly beneficial in controlling seizures. Additionally, sodium valproate enhances gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission by increasing GABA levels and promoting GABA-mediated inhibition, further contributing to its anticonvulsant properties. It also modulates glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission, inhibiting glutamate release and reducing the excitotoxic effects associated with excessive glutamate activity. These combined actions contribute to the overall effectiveness of sodium valproate in managing various seizure types and stabilizing mood disorders.

Anticonvulsant

Solution

The following are the uses of sodium valproate 250mg Liquid:

• Used for treating seizures in epilepsy, providing long-term control.
• Used for managing manic episodes in bipolar disorder, helping to stabilize mood.
• Used to prevent migraine headaches, reducing their frequency and severity.
• Used as an anti-convulsant medication to prevent and control seizures.
• Used to treat certain behavioral disorders, especially in children with severe aggression or self-harm tendencies.
• Used for short-term treatment of acute mania, aiding in rapid mood stabilization.
• Used to manage various types of seizures, including generalized and partial seizures.
• Used as an alternative treatment for women with epilepsy during pregnancy, under medical supervision.

In the case of an overdose of Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid, the individual may experience symptoms such as drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and even loss of consciousness. In severe cases, an overdose can lead to respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, and seizures. Prompt medical intervention is necessary, including gastric lavage and supportive care to manage the patient's vital signs and prevent further complications. It is crucial to seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

In the case of a missed dose of Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication. It is important to maintain a consistent medication routine for the best therapeutic effect.

To administer Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid, shake the bottle well, measure the prescribed dose with a syringe or dosing cup, and take it orally, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional.

Following are the conditions when Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid should not be used:

• Should not be given to individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Sodium Valproate or any of the excipients in the liquid formulation.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of liver disease, especially those with severe hepatic impairment.
• Not recommended for individuals with a known or suspected mitochondrial disorder, particularly mitochondrial DNA depletion.
• Should not be used in patients with a history of pancreatitis, especially if it was associated with previous use of valproate.
• Contraindicated in patients with urea cycle disorders or known amino acid metabolism disorders.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of bleeding disorders or conditions that may increase bleeding risk.
• Should not be given to patients with a history of severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• Contraindicated during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks, as it may cause harm to the fetus.

The side effects of Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Drowsiness or fatigue
• Tremors or shaking
• Weight gain
• Hair loss or thinning
• Stomach pain or digestive issues
• Dizziness or loss of coordination
• Skin rashes or allergic reactions

Following are the precautions and warnings for Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid:

• Do not start or stop this medication without consulting your doctor, especially if you have a history of liver or kidney problems, or any blood disorders.
• Regular blood tests are required to monitor liver function, blood cells, and sodium levels during treatment.
• This medication may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision. Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you.
• Avoid alcohol consumption as it may increase the risk of side effects and liver damage.
• Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, as Sodium Valproate may cause harm to the unborn baby. Effective contraception is recommended.
• Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking this medication due to potential risks to the infant.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to side effects, and dosage adjustments might be necessary.

Following are the drug interactions for Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid:

• Carbapenem antibiotics like meropenem and imipenem can decrease the effectiveness of sodium valproate, potentially leading to breakthrough seizures.
• Aspirin and other salicylates may increase the risk of bleeding when used with sodium valproate.
• Sodium valproate can enhance the effects of CNS depressants like benzodiazepines and barbiturates, requiring close monitoring.
• The effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be reduced by sodium valproate, requiring alternative birth control methods.
• Antipsychotic medications like haloperidol and clozapine can increase the risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome when combined with sodium valproate.
• Drugs that induce or inhibit liver enzymes, such as rifampicin or certain antifungal medications, may alter sodium valproate levels.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the risk of sedation and other side effects when combined with sodium valproate.

Following are the food interactions for Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid:

• Avoid excessive caffeine intake as it may reduce the seizure threshold and interact with Sodium Valproate, potentially increasing seizure frequency.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided as it can increase the sedative effects and may lead to impaired coordination and thinking.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can inhibit the metabolism of Sodium Valproate, leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• High-protein meals can decrease the absorption of Sodium Valproate, so it is recommended to maintain a consistent protein intake with medication.
• Avoid fatty foods as they may affect the absorption of Sodium Valproate, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
• Do not consume large amounts of cranberry juice as it may alter the blood levels of Sodium Valproate.
• Certain high-fat dairy products may interfere with the absorption of Sodium Valproate, so consider alternative calcium sources.

Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid should be stored in a secure and controlled environment, preferably in a designated medicine cabinet or storage area. Keep the liquid at room temperature, avoiding extreme hot or cold conditions. Protect it from direct sunlight and moisture to maintain its stability. Ensure the bottle is tightly sealed after each use to prevent contamination. It is crucial to dispose of any unused or expired medication properly; do not pour it down the drain or flush it. Contact your pharmacist or healthcare provider for guidance on safe disposal methods. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption, as it can be harmful if ingested without medical supervision. Regularly check the expiration date, and replace the medication if it has passed its expiry.

Following are the quick tips for Sodium Valproate 250mg Liquid:

• Follow your doctor's instructions for dosage and administration.
• Measure the liquid accurately using the measuring device provided.
• Administer the liquid directly into the mouth or mix with a small amount of water or juice.
• Ensure the full dose is taken; do not split or reduce the dose without medical advice.
• Store the liquid at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Do not freeze the medication.
• Regularly monitor your health and inform your doctor of any changes while on this medication.