Eptoin (100mg) 120 Tablets

Phenytoin's primary mechanism of action is believed to involve the stabilization of neuronal membranes and the modulation of sodium channels. It acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in their inactive state, which slows down the rate at which these channels recover from the inactive to the active state. This inhibition of sodium channel activity reduces the amplitude of repetitive neuronal firing and decreases the excitability of neurons. By stabilizing neuronal membranes and controlling the excessive firing of neurons, phenytoin helps to prevent and control seizures by reducing the excessive electrical activity in the brain. This mechanism is thought to contribute to its effectiveness in managing certain types of seizures.

Anticonvulsant

Tablet

The following are the uses of Phenytoin 100mg Tablet:

• Used for controlling seizures in epilepsy patients, helping to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
• Used for treating trigeminal neuralgia, a facial nerve pain condition, providing relief from intense pain episodes.
• Used for managing certain types of irregular heart rhythms, stabilizing the heart's electrical activity.
• Used for preventing seizures during or after surgeries in high-risk patients.
• Used for neuropathic pain management, particularly in conditions like diabetic neuropathy.
• Used for stabilizing abnormal brain activity, ensuring the brain's electrical impulses function correctly.
• Used for managing specific types of seizures in pregnant women, ensuring fetal safety.

In the case of an overdose of Phenytoin 100mg Tablets, individuals may experience symptoms such as dizziness, slurred speech, difficulty in coordination, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Prompt medical intervention is necessary as excessive amounts of Phenytoin can lead to life-threatening complications. Treatment may include gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, and supportive care to manage seizures and cardiovascular stability. It is crucial to seek medical advice for appropriate management and monitoring.

In the case of a missed dose of Phenytoin 100mg Tablet, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely adjust your medication schedule. It is advisable to set reminders or alarms to help you remember to take your medication on time.

To take Phenytoin 100mg Tablet, swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water, preferably at the same time each day, following the exact dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, ensuring you do not break, crush, or chew the tablet.

Phenytoin 100mg tablet should not be used in the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity or allergy to phenytoin or any other components of the tablet.
• History of severe allergic reactions to other anticonvulsants.
• Patients with a history of or currently suffering from severe liver disease, as phenytoin is metabolized in the liver.
• Known history of blood dyscrasias (e.g., agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia) due to its potential to cause blood cell disorders.
• Pregnant women, especially during the first trimester, unless prescribed by a doctor, as phenytoin may cause birth defects.
• Breastfeeding, unless recommended by a healthcare provider, as phenytoin can pass into breast milk.
• If the patient has a history of or currently experiencing cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).
• Patients with acute intermittent porphyria.
• Severe depression or mental health disorders, as phenytoin can exacerbate psychiatric symptoms.
• Individuals with a history of or currently suffering from any serious skin reactions like Steven-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.

The side effects of Phenytoin 100mg Tablet may include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of coordination or unsteadiness
• Swelling or abnormal growth of gums
• Skin rashes or itching
• Excessive hair growth
• Confusion or cognitive impairment
• Slurred speech

Following are the precautions and warnings for Phenytoin 100mg Tablet:

• Do not start or stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor, as sudden changes in dosage can lead to serious health risks.
• Regular blood tests are required to monitor phenytoin levels and liver function; adhere to your doctor's instructions for testing.
• Inform your doctor about any medications, herbal supplements, or medical conditions you have before starting this treatment.
• Phenytoin may cause dizziness or blurred vision; avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
• Avoid alcohol consumption while taking Phenytoin as it can increase the risk of side effects and liver damage.
• Pregnant women and those planning to become pregnant should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their doctor, as Phenytoin can affect fetal development.
• Breastfeeding while on Phenytoin should be done with caution and under medical supervision due to the potential for adverse effects on the infant.
• Store Phenytoin tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, and keep them out of the reach of children.

Following are the drug interactions for Phenytoin 100mg Tablet:

• Alcohol consumption can increase the sedative effects of Phenytoin, leading to impaired coordination and thinking.
• Carbamazepine and other anticonvulsants may reduce Phenytoin levels, requiring dosage adjustments.
• Phenytoin can decrease the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, requiring alternative contraceptive methods.
• Anticoagulants like Warfarin may have enhanced effects when used with Phenytoin, necessitating close monitoring.
• Drugs metabolized by liver enzymes, such as certain antidepressants and antibiotics, may have altered levels when taken with Phenytoin.
• Sucralfate can decrease Phenytoin absorption, requiring a gap between their administrations.
• Fosphenytoin, a related drug, should be used cautiously with Phenytoin to avoid additive side effects.

Following are the food interactions to consider with Phenytoin 100mg Tablet:

• Grapefruit juice can significantly increase the blood levels of Phenytoin, leading to potential toxicity. It is recommended to avoid grapefruit and its juice during treatment.
• Alcohol may interfere with the metabolism of Phenytoin, resulting in increased drug levels and potential side effects. It is advisable to limit or avoid alcohol consumption.
• High-fat meals can affect the absorption of Phenytoin, possibly reducing its effectiveness. Consuming a consistent amount of fat with each dose may help maintain stable levels.
• Vitamin D deficiency can be exacerbated by Phenytoin, as it may interfere with vitamin D metabolism. Consider vitamin D supplementation under medical supervision.
• Foods rich in vitamin K, like leafy greens, may interact with Phenytoin, affecting blood clotting. Maintaining a consistent intake of these foods is essential.
• Avoid excessive consumption of sugar and carbohydrates, as Phenytoin can increase blood sugar levels, posing risks for individuals with diabetes.
• Some dairy products may interfere with Phenytoin absorption. Consuming dairy a few hours before or after taking the medication can help minimize this interaction.
• Phenytoin may also interact with calcium-rich foods, affecting its absorption. Consider spacing out calcium-rich meals and supplements from Phenytoin doses.

Phenytoin 100mg Tablets should be stored in a secure and dry location, preferably at room temperature, ensuring it is protected from light and moisture. Keep the tablets in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent exposure to environmental factors. It is crucial not to store them in bathrooms or areas with high heat, as this can impact their effectiveness. Regularly check the expiration date, and if the tablets are no longer needed or have expired, proper disposal is essential. Avoid flushing or pouring them down the drain; instead, consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for guidance on safe disposal methods. Always keep medications away from children to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Phenytoin 100mg Tablet:

• Always take the tablet as directed by your doctor, usually 2-4 times a day.
• Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, do not crush or chew.
• Take the tablet on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
• Maintain a consistent daily routine for taking the medication.
• Avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication.
• Inform your doctor if you have any liver or kidney problems.
• Regular blood tests may be required to monitor drug levels and liver function.