Fansidar (500mg/25mg) 15ml Syrup

Pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine are both antimicrobial agents that work synergistically to treat malaria. Pyrimethamine primarily acts as a folate antagonist, inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in susceptible organisms, including the malaria parasite. By blocking DHFR, it disrupts the parasite's ability to synthesize folic acid, which is essential for DNA replication and cell growth. Sulfadoxine, on the other hand, is a sulfonamide antibiotic that interferes with folate synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), another enzyme involved in the folate pathway. This dual inhibition of the folate pathway effectively halts the growth and replication of the malaria parasite, thereby treating the infection.

Antimalarial combination

Suspension

The following are the uses of Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension:

• Used for treating malaria, particularly effective against Plasmodium falciparum.
• Used for preventing and managing toxoplasmosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.
• Used for managing cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients.
• Used for treating and preventing pneumocystis pneumonia.
• Used for controlling parasitic infections in combination with other drugs.
• Used for managing parasitic complications in pregnant women.
• Used for certain types of parasitic encephalitis.

To be taken as per doctor's prescription

In the case of an overdose of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension, individuals may experience severe reactions such as an increased risk of blood disorders, skin rashes, seizures, or gastrointestinal issues. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Medical attention should be sought immediately, and treatment may involve managing symptoms and providing supportive care to minimize the adverse effects of the overdose. Timely intervention is crucial to prevent potential complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one. It is crucial to maintain a consistent medication routine to ensure its effectiveness. Consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions regarding missed doses.

To administer Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension, shake the bottle well, measure the prescribed dose with an oral syringe or measuring cup, and give it to the patient by mouth, preferably with food, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional.

Here are the conditions or situations when Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension should not be used:

• Avoid using if you have a known allergy to Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine, or other similar sulfa drugs.
• Not recommended for individuals with severe kidney or liver disease.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of bone marrow suppression or blood disorders.
• Should not be used in individuals with a known deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD).
• Not suitable for infants under 2 months of age due to the risk of serious side effects.
• Avoid using if you have a known folate deficiency or megaloblastic anemia.
• Do not use in patients with severe diarrhea or dehydration.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of seizures or epilepsy.
• Should not be used during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

The side effects of Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Skin rash or itching
• Dizziness or headache
• Fatigue or weakness
• Mouth sores or ulcers

Following are the precautions and warnings for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension:

• This medication should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine, or any other ingredients in the syrup.
• Regular blood tests are required to monitor blood cell counts and liver function while on this medication.
• Patients with liver or kidney disease should use this medication with caution as it may require dosage adjustments.
• It is important to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is completely treated.
• Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine may cause birth defects; pregnant women should not use it unless clearly needed and under medical supervision.
• This medication can pass into breast milk, so breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before use.
• Avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
• Keep this medication out of reach of children and pets, and store it at room temperature, away from direct sunlight.

Following are the drug interactions for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension:

• It may interact with other antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine, increasing the risk of bone marrow suppression.
• Concomitant use with folic acid antagonists like methotrexate can enhance their effects and increase the risk of bone marrow suppression.
• Pyrimethamine can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, requiring additional contraceptive measures.
• Caution is advised with drugs metabolized by the liver, as Pyrimethamine may affect their metabolism, altering blood levels.
• Sulfonamides like Sulfadoxine can prolong the effects of anticoagulants, requiring close monitoring.
• Avoid concurrent use with other sulfonamides, as it may increase the risk of adverse reactions.
• Certain antibiotics, such as rifampin, can reduce the effectiveness of Sulfadoxine.

Following are the food interactions for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension:

• Avoid high-fat meals as they can increase the absorption of Pyrimethamine, potentially leading to increased side effects.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided as they can inhibit the metabolism of Sulfadoxine, leading to higher drug levels in the body and increased risk of side effects.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects when combined with Pyrimethamine.
• Avoid dairy products like milk and yogurt close to medication intake, as calcium can interfere with Pyrimethamine absorption.
• Sulfadoxine may decrease folic acid levels, so ensure an adequate intake of green leafy vegetables, legumes, and fortified grains.
• Avoid vitamin K-rich foods like leafy greens and liver, as Pyrimethamine may interfere with vitamin K absorption.
• Maintain a balanced diet with lean proteins, whole grains, and a variety of fruits and vegetables to support overall health during treatment.

Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension should be stored in a secure location, preferably in a locked cabinet or a designated medication storage area, to prevent unauthorized access. Keep the syrup in its original container, tightly sealed, and protect it from direct sunlight, moisture, and extreme temperatures. Do not refrigerate or freeze the medication as it may affect its consistency. Always check the expiration date, and if the syrup has expired or is no longer needed, dispose of it carefully. Contact your pharmacist or healthcare provider for guidance on safe disposal methods, as improper disposal can have environmental consequences. Ensure that the medication is stored out of the sight and reach of children and pets to prevent accidental consumption.

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Following are the quick tips for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Syrup/Suspension:

• Always follow the prescription provided by your doctor for this medication.
• Ensure you shake the bottle thoroughly before each use to guarantee a consistent mixture.
• Administer the syrup with water; avoid tea, coffee, or dairy products for better absorption.
• Maintain a consistent dosing schedule by taking the medication at the same time daily.
• If stomach discomfort occurs, consider taking the syrup with food or after meals.
• Store the medication safely away from children to prevent accidental consumption.
• Regularly monitor your health and consult your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.