Heparin (5000IU/ml) 5ml, 1 Vial Injection

The primary mechanism of action of Heparin Sodium Injection is its potent anticoagulant effect. Heparin acts by binding to a plasma cofactor called antithrombin III (ATIII), which significantly enhances ATIII's ability to inhibit various coagulation factors, particularly thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa. This binding activates ATIII, leading to the rapid inactivation of these coagulation factors, thereby interrupting the coagulation cascade and preventing the formation of fibrin clots. The drug's action helps maintain blood in a fluid state, preventing excessive clotting and the potential complications associated with thrombosis.

HEPARIN SODIUM

Anticoagulant

Injection

The following are the uses of HEPARIN SODIUM Injection:

• Used for preventing and treating blood clots in patients with various medical conditions, such as heart attacks, strokes, and certain surgeries.
• Used for reducing the risk of blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat.
• Used for treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) to prevent the clots from growing and to reduce the risk of new clots forming.
• Used for maintaining the patency of intravenous (IV) and dialysis catheters by preventing blood clot formation.
• Used for preventing blood clot complications during and after specific medical procedures, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
• Used for treating disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a rare but life-threatening condition involving excessive blood clotting.
• Used for managing unstable angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

To prevent clots from forming, the usual dosage is a deep injection under the skin 2 hours before surgery and every 8 - 12 hours for up to a week after surgery.

In the case of an overdose of HEPARIN SODIUM Injection, it is important to recognize the potential risks and act swiftly. Symptoms may include excessive bleeding, prolonged clotting time, and, in severe cases, hemorrhage. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical assistance immediately. Treatment involves closely monitoring vital signs, performing laboratory tests, and potentially administering protamine sulfate to counteract the effects of heparin.

In the case of a missed dose of HEPARIN SODIUM Injection, it is important to administer the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of bleeding or other side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely adjust your medication regimen.

To administer HEPARIN SODIUM Injection, prepare the injection site, insert the needle subcutaneously or intravenously as directed by your healthcare provider, inject the prescribed dose slowly, and ensure proper needle disposal after use, following the instructions provided by your healthcare professional.

Following are the conditions or situations when HEPARIN SODIUM Injection should not be used:

• Should not be used in individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to heparin, heparinoids, or any other components of the injection.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe thrombocytopenia or low platelet counts.
• Not recommended for individuals with active bleeding disorders or severe bleeding episodes.
• Should not be used in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or heparin-induced thrombosis.
• Contraindicated during or shortly after (within 1-2 months) major surgeries, especially those involving the brain, spine, or eyes.
• Not suitable for individuals with uncontrolled or severe hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Should be avoided in patients with severe liver disease or active gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Contraindicated in cases of bacterial endocarditis.

The side effects of HEPARIN SODIUM Injection may include:

• Easy bruising or bleeding (common)
• Pain, swelling, or irritation at the injection site
• Allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or hives
• Thinning hair or hair loss
• High potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
• Osteoporosis (bone density loss) with long-term use
• Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
• Increased liver enzymes

Following are the precautions and warnings for HEPARIN SODIUM Injection:

• Allergic reactions may occur; ensure immediate access to emergency equipment and drugs.
• Must be given by injection; never given by intrathecal or epidural routes as it may lead to spinal cord damage.
• Regular monitoring of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is crucial, with adjustments made to maintain a therapeutic response.
• Risk of thrombocytopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT); monitor platelet count and for symptoms of thrombosis.
• Not recommended for pediatric patients except in specialized settings like pediatric oncology.
• Use with caution in patients with increased bleeding risk or conditions like bacterial endocarditis, severe hypertension, and severe liver disease.
• Pregnant women should only use it if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Following are the drug interactions for HEPARIN SODIUM Injection:

• Can interact with platelet inhibitors like clopidogrel, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding.
• Antithrombotics such as warfarin may have enhanced effects when used with heparin, requiring close monitoring of coagulation parameters.
• Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can further elevate bleeding risk.
• May increase levels of lipophilic medications, including certain antibiotics and antifungals, by displacing them from protein-binding sites.
• Caution with drugs affecting renal function, as heparin is primarily cleared by the kidneys.
• Concurrent use with thrombolytic agents may lead to excessive anticoagulation and bleeding complications.
• Some antiplatelet medications, like dipyridamole, can potentiate the effects of heparin, requiring dosage adjustments.

Following are the food interactions for Heparin Sodium Injection:

• Avoid excessive consumption of food and beverages containing vitamin K (such as leafy green vegetables, broccoli, liver, and green tea) as they can reduce the effectiveness of Heparin.
• Maintain a balanced diet with consistent levels of vitamin K to ensure the stability of anticoagulant therapy.
• Cranberry juice and cranberry products should be consumed with caution as they may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Heparin, increasing the risk of bleeding.
• Alcohol may increase the risk of bleeding and should be consumed in moderation or avoided, especially if you have a history of liver disease or alcoholism.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice might interact with Heparin, potentially affecting its metabolism and increasing the risk of bleeding. It's best to avoid these while on Heparin therapy.
• Fish oil supplements, garlic, and ginger have blood-thinning properties and might increase the anticoagulant effect of Heparin, so consult your healthcare provider before using them.
• Maintain a consistent diet and avoid significant dietary changes without consulting your healthcare provider to ensure the stability of Heparin's effects.
• Always inform your healthcare provider about your dietary habits and any significant changes to ensure the safe and effective use of Heparin Sodium Injection.

HEPARIN SODIUM Injection should be stored in a controlled environment, specifically at room temperature, maintaining a consistent temperature range between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). Protect the medication from excessive heat, direct sunlight, and moisture to ensure its stability and effectiveness. It is crucial not to freeze the injection, as freezing can alter its properties. Always inspect the injection for any signs of discoloration or particulate matter before use, and discard if any abnormalities are noticed. When disposing of unused or expired HEPARIN SODIUM Injection, do not pour it down the drain or flush it into the sewage system. Instead, follow local guidelines or consult healthcare professionals for appropriate disposal methods to ensure environmental safety. Keep the medication securely stored, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental exposure.

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Following are the quick tips for HEPARIN SODIUM Injection:

• Always administer under medical supervision; do not self-inject.
• Ensure the injection is clear and free from particles before use.
• Use strict aseptic techniques to prevent infection.
• Inject slowly as directed by your healthcare professional.
• Rotate injection sites to minimize bruising and discomfort.
• Monitor for signs of bleeding and report any unusual bleeding to your doctor.
• Regularly check your blood clotting times as advised by your healthcare team.
• Keep a record of injection sites and dates for reference.

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