HYOSCINE COMPOUND 2ML INJ

Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, acts primarily by antagonizing muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the brain and peripheral tissues. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors, leading to a decrease in cholinergic activity. In the central nervous system, hyoscine crosses the blood-brain barrier and exerts its effects on various mAChR subtypes, particularly in areas involved in motion perception and higher cognitive functions. This action helps to suppress the vestibular system, reducing nausea and motion sickness. Additionally, hyoscine's peripheral effects include inhibition of salivary, gastric, and sweat gland secretions, as well as relaxation of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchi, contributing to its therapeutic benefits in various medical applications.

Hyoscine

Anticholinergic

Injection

The following are the uses of Hyoscine injection:

• Used for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness
• Used to relieve abdominal pain and reduce spasms in the digestive system
• Used for relaxing the uterus during childbirth or gynecological procedures
• Used for managing excessive sweating and saliva production
• Used to induce a calm and relaxed state during medical procedures
• Used in certain diagnostic tests to reduce gut activity
• Used for providing preoperative sedation and anesthesia

In the case of an overdose of Hyoscine injection, individuals may experience symptoms such as severe drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, rapid heart rate, and difficulty in breathing. It is important to seek medical assistance promptly. Treatment for overdose may involve supportive care, including monitoring vital signs, providing intravenous fluids, and administering medications to counteract the effects of Hyoscine. Prompt recognition and management of an overdose are crucial to prevent potential complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Hyoscine injection, it is important to act promptly. If you realize you have missed a scheduled dose, administer the injection as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you have any concerns or if you miss multiple doses, consult your healthcare provider for further guidance.

To administer the Hyoscine injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, and slowly inject the prescribed dose, ensuring the entire medication is delivered before safely disposing of the needle and syringe.

Here are the situations when Hyoscine injection should not be used:

• Allergy or hypersensitivity to Hyoscine, scopolamine, or any of the components in the injection.
• Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma (increased pressure in the eye).
• Individuals with gastrointestinal obstruction, such as pyloric stenosis or intestinal atony.
• Not recommended for patients with myasthenia gravis due to its potential to worsen muscle weakness.
• Contraindicated in those with a history of urinary retention or urinary tract obstruction.
• Should not be used in patients with severe heart failure or coronary heart disease.
• Avoid in individuals with a history of epilepsy or seizures.
• Not suitable for patients with a history of bowel obstruction or intestinal obstruction.
• Hyoscine injection should not be used in patients with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Contraindicated during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

The side effects of Hyoscine injection may include:

• Dry mouth
• Dizziness or drowsiness
• Blurred vision or dilated pupils
• Confusion or disorientation
• Increased heart rate
• Skin rash or itching
• Difficulty urinating
• Allergic reactions (rare)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Hyoscine injection:

• Not suitable for individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Hyoscine or related compounds.
• Patients with a history of gastrointestinal problems like ulcerative colitis, intestinal obstruction, or severe constipation should use with caution.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to side effects and should be monitored closely.
• Hyoscine may cause drowsiness and blurred vision, so patients should avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
• It should be used with caution in patients with glaucoma, enlarged prostate, or urinary retention.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before using this medication as it may have potential risks.
• Hyoscine can interact with other medications, so inform your doctor about all the medicines you are currently taking.

Following are the drug interactions for Hyoscine injection:

• Antimuscarinic drugs may have additive effects with Hyoscine, leading to increased side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and urinary retention.
• Hyoscine can interact with CNS depressants like opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol, potentially causing enhanced sedation and respiratory depression.
• It may reduce the effectiveness of gastrointestinal prokinetic agents, affecting the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.
• Hyoscine can decrease the absorption of certain oral medications due to its effect on gastrointestinal motility.
• Antihistamines, when used with Hyoscine, may result in increased drowsiness and impaired alertness.
• Caution is advised when combining Hyoscine with other anticholinergic medications, as it may lead to more severe anticholinergic side effects.
• Some antipsychotic medications may interact with Hyoscine, potentially affecting their effectiveness and increasing the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.

Following are the food interactions for Hyoscine injection:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the sedative effects of Hyoscine, leading to enhanced drowsiness and dizziness.
• Grapefruit and its juice should be avoided as they may interfere with the metabolism of Hyoscine, potentially causing increased side effects.
• Fatty meals may delay the absorption of Hyoscine, so it is advisable to avoid high-fat foods before taking the injection.
• Caffeine intake should be limited as it can counteract the calming effects of Hyoscine, potentially leading to restlessness.
• Spicy foods should be consumed with caution as they may irritate the gastrointestinal system, which could be problematic when using Hyoscine for digestive issues.
• Foods rich in tyramine, like aged cheeses and cured meats, should be avoided as they may interact with Hyoscine and lead to increased blood pressure.
• Avoid excessive sugar consumption, especially in the form of sugary drinks, as it can affect the body's fluid balance and potentially interfere with the injection's effectiveness.
• It is generally recommended to maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated when using Hyoscine injection to support overall health and well-being.

Hyoscine injection should be stored in a controlled environment, preferably in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. It is crucial to maintain a temperature range between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F) for optimal storage conditions. The injection should be kept in its original packaging, tightly sealed, to ensure its integrity and protect it from contamination. When disposing of unused or expired Hyoscine injection, do not dispose of it via household waste or pour it down the drain. Instead, contact your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance on proper disposal methods to ensure environmental safety. Keep the medication securely locked away from children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Hyoscine injection:

• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before receiving the injection.
• Administer the injection as directed by your healthcare professional.
• Ensure the injection is given intramuscularly or subcutaneously as instructed.
• Follow the prescribed dosage and schedule for optimal results.
• Hyoscine may cause dizziness; avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.
• Store the injection as directed, usually at room temperature, away from direct sunlight.
• Do not reuse needles or syringes; dispose of them safely after use.
• In case of any adverse effects or persistent symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.