INFANRIX HEXA VACCINE

The combined vaccine containing Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine works through multiple mechanisms of action. Diphtheria Toxoids and Pertussis Toxoid induce the production of antibodies against Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bordetella pertussis, respectively, by stimulating the immune system to generate a protective immune response. Hepatitis B Vaccine contains non-infectious viral antigens that elicit the production of antibodies against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, providing immunity. Poliomyelitis Vaccine, on the other hand, contains inactivated polioviruses that stimulate the production of antibodies against all three types of poliovirus, preventing poliomyelitis infection. Together, these components work synergistically to provide protection against diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis, and poliomyelitis by training the immune system to recognize and neutralize the respective pathogens.

Toxoid

Injection

The following are the uses of Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection:

• Used for preventing diphtheria, a serious bacterial infection that can damage the heart and nervous system.
• Used to protect against Hepatitis B, a liver infection that can cause chronic liver problems and liver cancer.
• Used for preventing whooping cough (pertussis), a highly contagious respiratory disease.
• Used to prevent poliomyelitis, a potentially debilitating disease that can cause paralysis.
• Used for immunization against multiple diseases in a single injection, reducing the number of shots needed.
• Used for routine childhood vaccinations, ensuring children are protected against these serious diseases.
• Used for booster doses to maintain immunity in adolescents and adults.
• Used in post-exposure prophylaxis for individuals who have come into contact with these diseases.

In the case of an overdose of Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection, it is important to remain calm and seek medical advice promptly. Overdose symptoms may include increased severity of common side effects such as fever, pain, or swelling at the injection site. Contact a healthcare professional or poison control center for guidance on managing the specific symptoms and for further instructions on how to proceed with treatment.

In the case of a missed dose of Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, or Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for guidance. They will advise you on the appropriate timing and schedule for catching up on the missed dose. Generally, it is recommended to administer the missed dose as soon as possible, but the specific timing may vary depending on the vaccine and your individual circumstances. Your healthcare provider will determine if any adjustments to the vaccination schedule are necessary.

To administer the Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection, clean and sanitize the injection site, then carefully draw the prescribed dose into a sterile syringe. Inject the vaccine intramuscularly, typically into the upper arm or thigh, following the recommended dosage and schedule provided by your healthcare provider or as directed by the vaccine manufacturer. Ensure the injection is administered under aseptic conditions by a trained healthcare professional.

Here are the conditions or situations when Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection should not be administered:

• Do not administer to individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to any component of the vaccine, including diphtheria toxoid, hepatitis B vaccine, or any other ingredients.
• Contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity or had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine.
• Not recommended for individuals with a severe allergy to yeast, as the hepatitis B vaccine is yeast-derived.
• Should not be used in individuals with a history of encephalopathy (brain disease) within 7 days of administration of a pertussis-containing vaccine.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of severe, acute neurological disorders until a treatment and prognosis have been established.
• Do not administer to individuals with a known or suspected immune deficiency, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
• Not recommended for individuals with moderate or severe acute illnesses. The vaccine should be postponed until recovery.
• Should not be used in individuals with a history of Guillain-Barré Syndrome or acute demyelinating diseases.
• Contraindicated during the acute phase of neurological disorders, such as seizures or progressive neurological disorders.
• Do not administer to individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to latex, as some vaccine vials may contain latex rubber.

The side effects of Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection may include:

• Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
• Mild fever
• Fatigue or weakness
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea or vomiting
• Irritability or excessive crying in infants
• Muscle pain or joint stiffness

Following are the precautions and warnings for Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection:

• This vaccine should not be administered to individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to any component of the vaccine, including yeast, formaldehyde, or neomycin.
• Patients with a history of neurological disorders or severe allergic reactions to previous vaccinations should use this vaccine with caution.
• Ensure that appropriate medical treatment is readily available in case of a rare anaphylactic reaction.
• Do not inject intravascularly or intradermally; follow the recommended route of administration.
• If a pertussis-containing vaccine has been associated with a temperature of 40.5°C or higher, the decision to give further doses should be based on careful consideration.
• The decision to administer this vaccine to immunocompromised individuals should be based on careful benefit-risk assessment.
• This vaccine may not protect all individuals receiving it.
• This vaccine is intended for intramuscular use only and should be administered with caution to individuals on anticoagulant therapy.

Following are the drug interactions for Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection:

• Immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids or chemotherapy agents, may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine by suppressing the immune response.
• Antiviral drugs like lamivudine or tenofovir may affect the immune system’s ability to respond to the hepatitis B component of the vaccine.
• Immunoglobulins may interfere with the body's immune response to vaccines, reducing their effectiveness if administered too soon before or after the vaccine.
• Live vaccines, such as the yellow fever or measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, may need to be spaced out when given with this combination vaccine to avoid interference with the immune response.
• Acetaminophen or NSAIDs taken before or after vaccination may mask the signs of a mild fever or pain associated with the vaccine.

Following are the food interactions for Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection:

• Generally, no specific food interactions are associated with this vaccine combination. However, maintaining a healthy diet is crucial to support the immune system's response to the vaccine.
• Stay well-hydrated before and after vaccination, ensuring adequate fluid intake to support the body's functions.
• Consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to strengthen the immune system. Include colorful fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it may impair the immune system's response to the vaccine and potentially increase the risk of side effects.
• Limit or avoid foods high in sugar and saturated fats, as these can negatively impact overall health and potentially weaken the immune response.
• There is no need to avoid specific foods unless advised by a healthcare professional based on individual medical conditions or allergies.
• No known interactions with specific food items directly affect the absorption or efficacy of these vaccine components.

Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection should be stored and disposed of with care. Store it in a refrigerator at 2-8°C (36-46°F), protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze the vaccine, as this may affect its potency. Always check the expiration date before use, and discard if expired. When disposing of unused or opened vials, follow local regulations for medical waste disposal. Do not dispose of in regular household trash or pour down the drain; consult healthcare professionals or pharmacists for guidance. Keep the vaccine out of children's reach to prevent accidental exposure. Proper storage and disposal practices ensure the integrity of the medication and minimize environmental impact.

Following are the quick tips for Diphtheria Toxoids, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Pertussis Toxoid, and Poliomyelitis Vaccine Injection:

• Consult a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate vaccination schedule.
• Ensure you receive the complete vaccine series for maximum protection.
• Inform the doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before vaccination.
• Stay well-hydrated after vaccination to aid in recovery.
• Report any severe side effects or persistent symptoms to your healthcare provider.
• Maintain a record of your vaccinations for future reference.
• Keep the injection site clean and dry to prevent infection.