Innogen-N (100IU/ml) 10ml, 1 Vial Injection

Isophane Insulin Human injection, also known as NPH insulin, has a unique mechanism of action. It is a suspension of insulin crystals that are formulated with protamine and zinc, which slows down the absorption of insulin after subcutaneous injection. This results in a delayed onset of action compared to regular insulin. The protamine-zinc complex gradually dissociates at the injection site, leading to a controlled release of insulin into the bloodstream over an extended period. This mechanism provides a more stable and sustained blood glucose-lowering effect, typically lasting around 12 to 24 hours, making it suitable for basal insulin replacement.

Isophane Insulin Human

Insulin

Injection

The following are the uses of Isophane Insulin Human injection:

• Used for managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes
• Used to improve blood sugar control
• Used as a long-acting insulin to provide steady glucose management
• Used to prevent hyperglycemia and its complications
• Used in patients who require a consistent and prolonged insulin effect
• Used for individuals with unpredictable eating patterns or those who need flexible dosing
• Used to stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent diabetic complications
• Used as an alternative to regular insulin for long-term glycemic control

In the case of an overdose of Isophane Insulin Human injection, it is important to recognize the signs, which may include excessive sweating, tremors, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. Prompt action is required; seek medical assistance immediately. The healthcare provider will likely monitor blood glucose levels and provide appropriate treatment to manage the overdose, which may include adjusting insulin dosage and providing supportive care.

In the case of a missed dose of Isophane Insulin Human injection, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this can lead to an insulin overdose. If you frequently miss doses, consult your healthcare provider for advice on how to manage your insulin therapy effectively.

To administer the Isophane Insulin Human injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol swab, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, and inject the prescribed dose subcutaneously, ensuring the entire dose is delivered before withdrawing the needle.

Following are the conditions when Isophane Insulin Human injection should not be used:

• Should not be used if you are allergic to insulin or any of the ingredients in the injection.
• Not suitable for individuals with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or those who have frequent episodes of low blood sugar.
• Contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia; ensure blood glucose is above 80 mg/dL before administration.
• Should not be used if you have severe hyperglycemia (very high blood sugar) or diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Not recommended for individuals with impaired liver or kidney function as dosage adjustments may be required.
• Should be used with caution in individuals with heart disease or those who have had a recent heart attack.
• Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the excipients in the formulation.

The side effects of Isophane Insulin Human injection may include:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Allergic reactions (such as itching, rash, or difficulty breathing)
• Injection site reactions (redness, swelling, or pain)
• Weight gain
• Edema (swelling, particularly in the ankles and legs)
• Blurred vision
• Anxiety or nervousness
• Skin thickening or fat accumulation at the injection site

Following are the precautions and warnings for Isophane Insulin Human injection:

• This medication should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to human insulin or any of its components.
• Patients with hypoglycemia unawareness may not experience the early warning signs of low blood sugar and should use this insulin with caution.
• Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential, and adjustments may be required during illness, emotional disturbances, or unusual stress.
• Do not dilute or mix Isophane Insulin Human with other insulins unless specifically instructed by a healthcare professional.
• Avoid injecting into areas with active skin disease or muscle layer, as it may affect insulin absorption.
• Patients should be educated on the proper injection technique to prevent injection-site reactions and ensure proper insulin administration.
• Elderly patients may require lower doses, and dosage adjustments should be made based on individual response.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should use this medication only if clearly needed and under medical supervision.

Following are the drug interactions for Isophane Insulin Human injection:

• Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium, oral contraceptives, and sympathomimetics may either increase or decrease the glucose-lowering effect of insulin.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and sympatholytic drugs may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.
• The hypoglycemic effect of insulin may be reduced by oral corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, sympathomimetics, and nicotinic acid.
• Alcohol may intensify or reduce the glucose-lowering effect of insulin unpredictably.
• Insulin requirements may be increased by protease inhibitors and may be decreased by atypical antipsychotics.
• Octreotide may lead to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
• Beta-2 agonists may increase blood glucose, while ACE inhibitors may increase or decrease blood glucose.

Following are the food interactions with Isophane Insulin Human injection:

• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it can lead to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, and may impair your ability to manage blood sugar levels effectively.
• Maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake, especially with meals, as this helps in managing blood glucose levels and preventing hypoglycemia.
• Avoid high-sugar foods and beverages, particularly those with added sugars, as they can cause rapid spikes in blood glucose levels.
• Consume complex carbohydrates like whole grains, legumes, and vegetables, which provide a steady release of glucose into the bloodstream, aiding in blood sugar control.
• Include protein sources with meals to slow down the absorption of carbohydrates and prevent post-meal blood sugar spikes.
• Monitor portion sizes and aim for a balanced diet to ensure stable blood glucose levels.
• Be cautious with high-fat meals as they can delay insulin absorption and potentially cause postprandial hyperglycemia.
• Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice as they may interfere with insulin absorption and glucose metabolism, potentially affecting blood sugar control.

Isophane Insulin Human injection should be stored in a cool, controlled environment, ideally between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F). Keep the injection in its original packaging and protect it from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Do not freeze the medication as it may affect its potency. Always check the expiry date before use and discard any opened or unused vials after this date. When disposing of the injection, do not throw it into the regular trash or pour it down the sink. Instead, follow local guidelines for the safe disposal of medical waste or consult a healthcare professional for advice on proper disposal methods, ensuring it remains out of reach of children and pets.

Following are the quick tips for Isophane Insulin Human injection:

• Store insulin vials, cartridges, and pre-filled pens in use at room temperature for up to 28 days.
• Do not expose insulin to extreme temperatures as it may degrade.
• Always inspect the insulin for any changes in appearance before injecting.
• Gently roll the insulin vial between your hands if it has been refrigerated to ensure it returns to room temperature.
• Use a new needle and syringe for each injection to maintain sterility.
• Dispose of used needles and syringes in a designated sharps container.
• Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions for dosage and administration.