Insuman Basal (40IU/ml) 10ml, 1 Vial injection

Insulin injection works by mimicking the action of naturally occurring insulin in the body. When administered, it binds to insulin receptors on cell membranes, primarily in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver cells. This binding triggers a series of intracellular signaling events, leading to the activation of glucose transporters, particularly GLUT4. As a result, glucose uptake into these cells is enhanced, facilitating the removal of glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose in the liver by suppressing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, further contributing to the reduction of blood glucose levels. The primary mechanism of insulin is to promote the utilization and storage of glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose concentrations and exerting its therapeutic effect in managing diabetes mellitus.

Insulin

hormone therapy.

Injection

The following are the uses of Insulin Injection:

• Used for treating diabetes, helping to control blood sugar levels.
• Used for managing type 1 diabetes, where the body produces little to no insulin.
• Used for type 2 diabetes cases, especially when oral medications are insufficient.
• Used to prevent diabetic complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, and eye problems.
• Used for emergency cases of diabetic ketoacidosis to rapidly lower blood sugar.
• Used to support pregnancy management in diabetic women for fetal health.
• Used to improve insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic health.
• Used in some cases to aid weight management and obesity-related diabetes.

In the case of an overdose of Insulin Injection, the immediate effects can vary depending on the individual and the amount injected. Symptoms may include hypoglycemia, characterized by dizziness, sweating, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. Severe cases can lead to loss of consciousness, seizures, and even diabetic coma. Prompt medical intervention is essential, including administering glucose to raise blood sugar levels and monitoring vital signs to prevent further complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Insulin Injection, it is important to act promptly. If you remember within a few hours of the missed dose, administer the insulin as soon as possible. However, if a significant amount of time has passed, it is best to skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this can lead to potential health risks. Consult your healthcare provider if you frequently miss doses or have concerns about managing your insulin regimen.

To administer the Insulin Injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol swab, pinch the skin, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, inject the insulin as prescribed, and then carefully remove the needle while applying pressure to the injection site with a cotton ball if needed.

Following are the conditions/situations when Insulin Injection should not be administered:

• If you have experienced a severe allergic reaction to insulin or any of its components in the past.
• During episodes of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), as injecting insulin can further lower blood glucose levels.
• In cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition where insulin injections should be used with caution and under medical supervision.
• When the injection site is infected, red, swollen, or painful. Insulin should not be injected into these areas.
• If the insulin has changed color, appears cloudy (when it should be clear), or has particles in it, it should not be used.
• Insulin should not be shared with other individuals, even if they have diabetes.
• Avoid injecting insulin into areas with scar tissue or muscle, as it may affect absorption.

The side effects of Insulin Injection may include:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Allergic reactions at the injection site (redness, swelling, itching)
• Weight gain
• Skin thickening or fat accumulation at the injection sites
• Fluid retention, leading to swelling (edema)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Blurred vision
• Anxiety or nervousness

Following are the precautions and warnings for Insulin Injection:

• Insulin should be used with caution in individuals with liver or kidney disease, as these conditions may affect insulin metabolism and require dosage adjustments.
• Do not change the insulin type or dose without medical advice, as it may lead to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
• Rotate injection sites to avoid lipodystrophy (changes in fat tissue) and skin reactions.
• Be cautious during illness, stress, or travel, as these situations may affect blood sugar levels and insulin requirements.
• Inform your doctor about all medications, herbal supplements, and vitamins you are taking, as some may interact with insulin.
• Do not reuse or share needles/syringes to prevent infections and other complications.
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a possible side effect; always carry a source of fast-acting sugar to treat low blood sugar.
• Seek medical advice if you experience allergic reactions, injection site reactions, or any persistent side effects.

Following are the drug interactions for Insulin Injection:

• Insulin may interact with oral diabetes medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or meglitinides, leading to potential hypoglycemia.
• Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and certain diuretics can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia caused by insulin.
• Octreotide and lanreotide may alter insulin requirements and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
• Corticosteroids, thyroid medications, and certain sympathomimetic drugs can increase blood glucose levels, requiring adjustments in insulin dosage.
• Drugs affecting liver function, such as rifampicin, can reduce insulin clearance and impact its effectiveness.
• Certain antipsychotic medications and beta-2 agonists may increase insulin resistance and blood glucose levels.
• Alcohol intake can cause unpredictable changes in blood sugar levels, impacting insulin requirements.

Following are the food interactions for Insulin Injection:

• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it can lead to hypoglycemia or unpredictable blood sugar fluctuations.
• Maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake, especially with rapid-acting insulin, to ensure proper dosage and prevent hypoglycemia.
• Consuming high-fiber foods can affect insulin absorption rates, potentially requiring dosage adjustments.
• Grapefruit juice may impact insulin absorption, so monitor blood glucose levels closely if consumed.
• Caffeine may alter insulin sensitivity, so monitor its consumption and adjust insulin doses as needed.
• Avoid high-sugar or high-fat meals, as they can cause erratic blood sugar levels and impact insulin's effectiveness.
• Spices like cinnamon and turmeric might enhance insulin sensitivity, requiring potential dosage adjustments.

Insulin injection storage and disposal require careful attention to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Store insulin vials, cartridges, and prefilled pens in a refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) before opening. Once opened, they can be kept at room temperature (below 30°C or 86°F) for up to 28 days, but should be kept away from direct sunlight and heat sources. It's crucial not to freeze insulin as it can damage the medication. When disposing of used needles, syringes, or pens, use a puncture-proof container, following local guidelines for medical waste disposal. Never reuse or share needles, and keep all insulin products out of the reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure. Proper storage and disposal practices are vital to maintaining the integrity of the medication and minimizing risks associated with insulin injection therapy.

Following are the quick tips for Insulin Injection:

• Wash your hands thoroughly before injecting insulin to maintain hygiene.
• Ensure the insulin is at room temperature and gently roll the vial/pen to mix, never shake.
• Clean the injection site with an alcohol swab and wait for it to dry before injecting.
• Inject insulin at a 90-degree angle into the skin, following your healthcare provider's guidance.
• After injecting, count to 10 slowly before removing the needle to prevent insulin leakage.
• Dispose of used needles and syringes in a designated sharps container.
• Store insulin properly as instructed to maintain its effectiveness.