INVANZ 1G INJ

Ertapenem sodium, a member of the carbapenem class of antibiotics, exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for cross-linking peptidoglycan strands in the bacterial cell wall. By irreversibly binding to these PBPs, ertapenem disrupts the final stages of cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death. This mechanism of action is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as ertapenem can penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and maintain stability against various beta-lactamases, including some extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).

Ertapenem Sodium

Carbapenem antibiotic

Injection

The following are the uses of Ertapenem Sodium injection:

• Used for treating bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms, particularly in abdominal and skin/soft tissue infections.
• Used for its effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria, including those resistant to other antibiotics.
• Used for managing complicated intra-abdominal infections, preventing surgical site infections, and treating community-acquired pneumonia.
• Used for treating diabetic foot infections and other foot-related infections.
• Used for its ability to penetrate well into various tissues and body fluids, ensuring effective concentration at the site of infection.
• Used for its once-daily dosing convenience, which can improve patient adherence to the treatment regimen.
• Used for its broad-spectrum coverage, providing a simplified treatment approach for mixed infections.
• Used for patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, as dosage adjustments are possible.

In the case of an overdose of Ertapenem Sodium injection, the primary concern is the potential for increased adverse effects, particularly on the gastrointestinal system. Symptoms may include severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Immediate medical attention is necessary to manage these symptoms and prevent further complications. Treatment involves supportive care and monitoring vital signs, with medical professionals closely observing the patient's condition until it stabilizes. Prompt action is essential to mitigate the risks associated with an overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Ertapenem Sodium injection, it is important to administer the missed dose as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you have missed multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to proceed, as they may recommend adjusting the dosage or schedule accordingly. It is best to establish a routine to ensure medication is taken consistently at the prescribed times.

To administer Ertapenem Sodium injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, and slowly inject the prescribed dose, ensuring the entire medication is delivered, and then gently withdraw the needle and apply light pressure with a sterile bandage if needed.

Following are the conditions or situations when Ertapenem Sodium injection should not be used:

• Allergy or hypersensitivity to Ertapenem or any other carbapenem antibiotics.
• Patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to any type of beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins or cephalosporins).
• Not suitable for individuals with a known history of seizures or other neurological disorders.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe kidney disease or those on dialysis, as dosage adjustments are necessary.
• Should not be used to treat viral infections or non-bacterial infections.
• Not recommended for patients with a history of Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea or colitis.
• Avoid using in patients with a history of severe or life-threatening skin reactions to antibiotics.
• Ertapenem should not be used for conditions that do not require treatment with intravenous antibiotics.

The side effects of Ertapenem Sodium injection may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Skin rash or itching
• Vaginal yeast infection
• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, or redness)
• Allergic reactions (hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face/lips/tongue)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Ertapenem Sodium injection:

• This medication should not be administered to individuals with a history of allergic reactions to ertapenem, penicillins, or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
• Patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to any medication should be closely monitored during treatment.
• Caution is advised for patients with kidney disease, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Ertapenem sodium injection should be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures or those at risk of seizures, as it may increase the likelihood of seizure activity.
• It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before completion.
• Patients should be aware of potential diarrhea, and severe or persistent diarrhea should be reported to the doctor.
• This medication may cause changes in lab test results, so inform your doctor if you have diabetes or take blood thinners.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before using Ertapenem Sodium injection.

Following are the drug interactions for Ertapenem Sodium injection:

• Probenecid can decrease the elimination of Ertapenem, leading to increased plasma concentrations.
• May reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, so additional non-hormonal forms of contraception are recommended.
• Concomitant use with Valproic acid may result in reduced Ertapenem clearance and increased exposure.
• Ertapenem may decrease the serum concentration of Mycophenolate, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
• It can decrease the absorption of Levothyroxine, thus monitoring thyroid function is advised when co-administered.
• May reduce the efficacy of Typhoid Vaccine (live) and Cholera Vaccine (live), so avoid concurrent use.
• The risk of bleeding may increase when used with anticoagulants, requiring close monitoring.

Following are the food interactions for Ertapenem Sodium injection:

• Ertapenem can decrease the absorption of oral vitamin K, so patients on long-term vitamin K antagonists like warfarin should be monitored for changes in INR (International Normalized Ratio).
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may increase the risk of seizures and affect the central nervous system.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they may affect the metabolism of Ertapenem, leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• Dairy products with high-fat content may reduce the absorption of Ertapenem, so it is advisable to separate them by a few hours.
• Avoid high-fiber foods immediately after the injection as they may reduce the drug's absorption.
• Caffeine intake should be monitored as it can increase the risk of seizures, especially in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy.
• Maintain a balanced diet to support overall health and ensure proper hydration during the course of treatment.

Ertapenem Sodium injection should be stored in a controlled room temperature environment, typically between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Protect the injection vials from light and moisture by storing them in their original packaging until ready for use. It is crucial not to freeze the medication as it may affect its potency. Once the vial is opened, it should be used promptly, and any unused portion should be discarded properly. Dispose of the medication through a medicine take-back program or by mixing it with an undesirable substance (such as used coffee grounds or kitty litter) and placing it in a sealed bag in the trash. Always keep the medication out of the sight and reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Ertapenem Sodium injection:

• Ertapenem Sodium is typically administered intravenously, ensure the injection is given by a healthcare professional.
• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before receiving the injection.
• Ensure the injection is prepared and stored as per the instructions on the packaging.
• Do not inject if the solution appears discolored or contains particles.
• Follow the prescribed dosage and treatment duration as advised by your doctor.
• Report any side effects or unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Do not reuse needles or syringes; dispose of them safely after use.
• Store the injection as directed and protect it from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.