ISONIAZIDE TAB

Isoniazid, the active ingredient in Isoniazid Tablets, primarily acts by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in the bacterial cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It achieves this by interfering with the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) enzyme, which is crucial for the production of mycolic acids. Isoniazid binds to the NADH pocket of InhA, preventing the enzyme from participating in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the bacterial cell wall. This interference weakens the integrity of the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. The selective toxicity of isoniazid towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis is attributed to its specific inhibition of InhA, which is not present in mammalian cells, making it an effective treatment for tuberculosis.

Isoniazid

Antitubercular

Tablet

The following are the uses of Isoniazid Tablet:

• Used for treating Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.
• Used for preventing the progression of latent TB to active disease.
• Used in combination with other anti-TB drugs for effective treatment.
• Used to control and eliminate TB bacteria in the body.
• Used to reduce the risk of TB transmission to others.
• Used for long-term management of TB, typically over several months.
• Used as part of a comprehensive TB control strategy.

In the case of an overdose of Isoniazid Tablets, it is crucial to act promptly. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical assistance immediately. Quick action can help prevent serious health complications. Treatment may involve gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, and supportive care to manage symptoms and ensure the patient's stability.

In the case of a missed dose of Isoniazid Tablet, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance, as they may advise you to restart the medication or provide specific instructions to ensure you receive the full benefits of the treatment.

To take Isoniazid Tablets, swallow the prescribed number of tablets whole with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach, usually once daily or as directed by your healthcare professional, ensuring you adhere to the recommended dosage instructions provided.

Following are the conditions/situations when Isoniazid Tablet should not be used:

• Must not be used in individuals with a known allergy to Isoniazid or similar medications.
• Not suitable for people with a history of liver disorders or liver damage, including alcohol-related liver problems.
• Should not be used in patients with severe kidney disease or kidney failure.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a history of peripheral neuropathy.
• Should be avoided in people with a history of epilepsy or seizures.
• Not recommended for those with a history of mental health disorders, such as depression or psychosis.
• Must not be used in patients with a known deficiency of the enzyme pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
• Contraindicated during the last stages of pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus.

The side effects of Isoniazid Tablet may include:

• Peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hands and feet.
• Liver problems, such as hepatitis, which can lead to symptoms like jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, and dark urine.
• Skin reactions, including rashes, itching, and hives.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Loss of appetite and weight loss.
• Fever and chills.
• Joint and muscle pain.
• Difficulty sleeping (insomnia).

Following are the precautions and warnings for Isoniazid Tablet:

• Not recommended for individuals with a history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to Isoniazid or similar drugs.
• Patients with liver or kidney disease should be closely monitored as Isoniazid can affect these organs.
• Regular liver function tests are necessary during treatment to detect any potential liver damage.
• May cause peripheral neuropathy, especially in older adults or those with pre-existing vitamin B6 deficiency.
• Patients with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders should be cautious as Isoniazid may lower the seizure threshold.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may increase the risk of liver damage.
• Not recommended for use during pregnancy without medical advice, and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor as Isoniazid may pass into breast milk.

Following are the drug interactions for Isoniazid Tablet:

• Alcohol consumption can increase the risk of liver toxicity when combined with Isoniazid. Avoid or limit alcohol intake during treatment.
• Isoniazid may decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, including birth control pills, patches, or rings. Consider alternative methods of contraception.
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency can be caused by Isoniazid, leading to peripheral neuropathy. Supplementation with pyridoxine is often recommended.
• Phenytoin levels can be decreased by Isoniazid, potentially reducing its anticonvulsant effects. Monitoring of phenytoin levels is advised.
• Rifampin and Isoniazid should be used with caution together, as Rifampin can reduce Isoniazid's effectiveness. Dose adjustments may be necessary.
• Isoniazid may interact with acetaminophen, increasing the risk of liver damage. Consider alternative analgesics.
• Certain antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may have increased serum levels when used with Isoniazid, leading to potential side effects.

Following are the food interactions for Isoniazid Tablet:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the risk of liver damage, especially in individuals with a history of liver disease or heavy alcohol use.
• Avoid eating foods rich in tyramine, such as aged cheeses, cured meats, and certain types of fish. Isoniazid can interact with tyramine, leading to a sudden increase in blood pressure.
• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplementation is often recommended alongside Isoniazid to reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy, a potential side effect.
• Ensure an adequate intake of protein, as Isoniazid can affect protein metabolism. Include lean meats, legumes, and dairy products in your diet.
• Maintain a balanced diet with a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support overall health and minimize potential interactions.
• Limit the consumption of high-fat meals as they can affect the absorption of Isoniazid.
• Some dairy products may interfere with Isoniazid absorption, so consider spacing out the consumption of milk, yogurt, or cheese from Isoniazid doses.
• Caffeine intake should be monitored, as Isoniazid can increase its effects, potentially leading to restlessness, tremors, or insomnia.

Isoniazid Tablets should be stored in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and moisture, ideally at room temperature. The medication container should be tightly sealed to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid exposing the tablets to heat sources like radiators or stoves, as extreme temperatures can impact their effectiveness. Dispose of any unused or expired tablets responsibly; do not flush them or pour them down the drain. Consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider for the appropriate disposal method. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion. Proper storage and disposal are essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of Isoniazid Tablets.

Following are the quick tips for Isoniazid Tablet:

• Take the tablet as directed by your doctor, typically once daily.
• Ensure you complete the full course as prescribed, even if you feel better.
• Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water; do not crush or chew.
• Take it on an empty stomach, preferably 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
• Avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication.
• Inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking to prevent potential interactions.
• Store the tablets in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight and moisture.