Ketalite (50mg) 2ml, 10 Ampoule Injections

Ketamine, when administered as a 50mg injection, primarily exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms of action. It acts as a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a glutamate receptor involved in various physiological processes. By blocking NMDA receptors, ketamine modulates glutamate-mediated neurotransmission, leading to anesthetic, analgesic, and dissociative effects. Additionally, ketamine interacts with other receptors, including opioid receptors and monoaminergic systems, contributing to its complex pharmacological profile. It enhances the activity of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, and modulates cholinergic and adrenergic pathways, thereby influencing mood, cognition, and pain perception. The multifaceted actions of ketamine contribute to its rapid onset and unique therapeutic properties, making it a valuable option for various medical applications.

Ketamine 50mg

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic.

Injection

The following are the uses of Ketamine 50mg injection:

• Used for starting and maintaining anesthesia, ensuring you're unconscious and pain-free during surgery.
• Used in pain management, providing rapid relief for severe or chronic pain.
• Used as a treatment for depression, offering quick-acting benefits for those with treatment-resistant depression.
• Used in emergency situations to control seizures or reduce intracranial pressure.
• Used for procedural sedation, allowing for calmness and relaxation during certain medical procedures.
• Used in veterinary medicine to sedate animals for surgeries or treatments.
• Used to manage postoperative pain, ensuring patient comfort after surgery.

In the case of an overdose of Ketamine 50mg injection, symptoms may include severe drowsiness, confusion, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and hallucinations. An overdose can lead to a state of unconsciousness, known as a 'K-hole', and potentially cause respiratory depression. It is important to seek medical assistance promptly if an overdose is suspected, as the effects can be serious and may require immediate intervention to support vital functions and ensure the patient's safety.

In the case of a missed dose of Ketamine 50mg injection, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for guidance. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may lead to an increased risk of side effects. Your healthcare provider will advise you on whether to administer the missed dose or simply continue with the next scheduled dose. It is crucial to follow their instructions carefully to ensure safe and effective treatment. If you miss a dose, contact your healthcare provider promptly for specific instructions tailored to your situation.

To administer Ketamine 50mg injection, draw the medication into a syringe, ensuring the correct dosage, and inject it slowly into the muscle or intravenous route as directed by a healthcare professional, following proper aseptic techniques and guidelines for safe injection practices.

Here are the conditions or situations when Ketamine 50mg injection should not be administered:

• Must not be used in individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Ketamine or any of its components.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe respiratory depression or asthma, as it can worsen breathing difficulties.
• Should not be used in individuals with severe cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or recent heart attack.
• Not recommended for patients with increased intracranial pressure or head injuries.
• Contraindicated in individuals with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Should be avoided in patients with psychotic disorders or severe depression, as it may exacerbate symptoms.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of drug abuse or dependence.
• Must not be used in patients with a known diagnosis of acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
• Contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers.

The side effects of Ketamine 50mg Injection may include:

• Dizziness and confusion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased heart rate or blood pressure
• Blurred vision or nystagmus (rapid eye movements)
• Hallucinations or altered perception of reality
• Loss of coordination and impaired motor skills
• Respiratory depression (slow or shallow breathing)
• Allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, swelling)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Ketamine 50mg Injection:

• Not recommended for patients with known hypersensitivity or allergy to Ketamine or any of its components.
• May cause respiratory depression, so close monitoring of respiratory function is essential during and after administration.
• Can impair cognitive and physical abilities, patients should avoid activities requiring alertness like driving or operating machinery.
• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, as it may cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
• Seizure disorders should be carefully managed, as Ketamine may lower the seizure threshold.
• Not recommended for long-term use due to potential psychological and physical dependence.
• Elderly patients may require lower doses as they are more susceptible to the effects of Ketamine.
• Must be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional in a controlled setting.

Following are the drug interactions for Ketamine 50mg Injection:

• Benzodiazepines and other central nervous system depressants can increase sedation and respiratory depression when used with Ketamine, requiring close monitoring.
• Concomitant use with opioids may lead to profound respiratory depression and sedation, and should be carefully monitored.
• Ketamine may increase blood pressure and heart rate, and its use with adrenergic agents or other stimulants can exacerbate these effects.
• Drugs that lower the seizure threshold, such as tricyclic antidepressants or certain antipsychotics, may increase the risk of seizures when combined with Ketamine.
• Antihypertensive medications may be less effective during and after Ketamine administration due to its sympathomimetic effects.
• Ketamine can reduce the effectiveness of neuromuscular blocking agents, requiring careful dosage adjustments.
• The effects of Ketamine on the cardiovascular system may be altered by calcium channel blockers, potentially leading to hypotension.

Following are the food interactions for Ketamine 50mg injection:

• Avoid alcohol consumption as it may enhance the sedative effects of Ketamine, increasing the risk of respiratory depression and other adverse effects.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided as they can inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme, potentially leading to increased Ketamine levels in the body and prolonged sedation.
• Caffeine-containing beverages should be limited as they can increase blood pressure and heart rate, counteracting the stabilizing effects of Ketamine on the cardiovascular system.
• Avoid high-fat meals before Ketamine administration as they may delay absorption and prolong the onset of action.
• Spicy foods and heavy meals should be avoided before Ketamine use as they can cause nausea and vomiting, especially during the emergence from anesthesia.
• Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of allergies to any food additives or preservatives to ensure a safe injection.
• Maintain adequate hydration with clear fluids before and after the procedure to support kidney function and aid in the elimination of Ketamine from the body.
• Avoid eating or drinking anything by mouth if Ketamine is used for sedation or anesthesia to prevent aspiration.

Ketamine 50mg injections should be stored in a secure and controlled environment, preferably a locked cabinet or a designated medication storage area. Maintain a cool and dry storage location, ensuring the injections are protected from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture, as these can degrade the medication. Keep the injections in their original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain sterility and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to freeze the injections as it may affect their potency. Regularly check the expiration dates on the packaging, and dispose of any expired or unused injections promptly. When disposing of Ketamine injections, do not flush or pour them down the drain; instead, follow local regulations and guidelines for the safe disposal of controlled substances, or consult healthcare professionals for proper disposal methods. Always exercise caution to keep the medication away from children and unauthorized individuals.

Following are the quick tips for Ketamine 50mg Injection:

• Ensure the injection is administered by a trained medical professional.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.
• Before injection, check the medication's clarity and color for any visible particles.
• During the procedure, report any unusual sensations or discomfort to the medical staff.
• After the injection, follow post-procedure care instructions provided by your healthcare provider.
• Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how the medication affects you.
• Store the injection as directed and keep it away from direct sunlight.