KETOVAL LOTION 2% 60ML

Ketoconazole, a synthetic antifungal agent, primarily targets the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of the fungal cell membrane. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which plays a vital role in converting lanosterol to ergosterol. By blocking this conversion, ketoconazole disrupts the integrity and function of the fungal cell membrane, leading to impaired membrane fluidity, altered membrane permeability, and ultimately, fungal cell death. This selective inhibition makes ketoconazole effective against various fungal species, as it targets a process unique to fungal cell growth and development.

Ketoconazole

Antifungal (Imidazole derivative)

Solution

The following are the uses of Ketoconazole Liquid:

• Used for treating fungal infections on the skin, scalp, and nails.
• Used for controlling Pityriasis versicolor, a common skin condition.
• Used for managing seborrheic dermatitis, reducing itching and flaking.
• Used for treating athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.
• Used for improving skin appearance and texture.
• Used for preventing the recurrence of fungal infections.
• Used for soothing inflammation and irritation caused by fungi.

In the case of an overdose of Ketoconazole Liquid, it is important to recognize the signs and act promptly. Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and potentially liver damage. If you suspect an overdose, contact a healthcare professional or a poison control center immediately. Quick action is vital as they can provide guidance and treatment options to mitigate the effects of the overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Ketoconazole Liquid, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume the medication without compromising its effectiveness. It is crucial to maintain consistency with this medication for optimal results.

To take Ketoconazole Liquid, shake the bottle well, use a measuring device like a dosing cup or oral syringe to measure the prescribed amount, and administer it orally as directed by your healthcare provider, typically once or twice daily with or without food, following the dosage instructions provided.

Here are the conditions and situations when Ketoconazole Liquid should not be used:

• Do not use if you are allergic to ketoconazole or other similar antifungal medications.
• Contraindicated in patients with acute or chronic liver disease, as it can cause liver damage.
• Avoid using this medication if you have a history of severe or chronic skin conditions.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of adrenal gland problems or adrenal insufficiency.
• Do not use Ketoconazole Liquid if you are taking certain medications, such as warfarin, phenytoin, or ciclosporin, due to potential drug interactions.
• Should not be used in patients with a history of alcohol abuse or liver disease caused by alcohol.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a rare genetic problem of galactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, or Lapp lactase deficiency.
• Not suitable for infants or children without medical advice, as the safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been established.

The side effects of Ketoconazole Liquid may include:

• Skin rash or itching
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Fatigue or weakness
• Decreased appetite
• Abnormal liver function tests

Following are the precautions and warnings for Ketoconazole Liquid:

• Do not use if you are allergic to ketoconazole or similar antifungal medications.
• This medication is for external use only; avoid contact with eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Wash your hands thoroughly before and after applying the liquid to prevent unnecessary exposure.
• Inform your doctor if you have a history of liver problems, as ketoconazole can affect liver function.
• Prolonged use may lead to skin irritation; discontinue use if severe irritation or rash occurs.
• Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
• Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding before using this medication.

Following are the drug interactions for Ketoconazole Liquid:

• Concomitant use with certain calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil, diltiazem) can lead to increased levels of these drugs, potentially causing adverse effects.
• Ketoconazole may elevate blood concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), increasing the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis.
• It can interact with warfarin and other anticoagulants, potentially enhancing their effects and increasing the risk of bleeding.
• The liquid form may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, requiring alternative contraceptive methods.
• Combining with cisapride can lead to serious cardiac side effects and is generally not recommended.
• Drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, may have increased levels when used with Ketoconazole, requiring careful monitoring.
• Interactions with antidiabetic medications may occur, potentially affecting blood sugar control.

Following are the food interactions to consider with Ketoconazole Liquid:

• Avoid consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice as they can increase Ketoconazole levels in the body, potentially leading to an increased risk of side effects.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided as it can cause excessive drowsiness and dizziness, especially when used with Ketoconazole.
• High-fat meals may slightly decrease the absorption of Ketoconazole, so it is best to take the medication on an empty stomach or with a light meal.
• Avoid natural licorice as it can potentially interact with Ketoconazole, affecting its effectiveness.
• Inform your doctor if you regularly consume large amounts of caffeine (coffee, tea, cola, or chocolate) as Ketoconazole may increase caffeine's duration of action.
• Be cautious with salty foods, especially if you have heart disease as Ketoconazole may increase salt retention, affecting your condition.
• Avoid using Ketoconazole while fasting as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
• Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dietary restrictions and medication use.

Ketoconazole Liquid should be stored with caution, preferably in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep the liquid medication in its original container, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid storing it in areas with temperature fluctuations, such as bathrooms, kitchens, or near heat-emitting appliances, as this can impact its effectiveness. Always check the expiration date, and if the liquid appears discolored or has an unusual odor, do not use it. For disposal, do not pour it down the drain or flush it; instead, consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for guidance on safe disposal methods. Keep the medication securely locked away from children and pets to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Ketoconazole Liquid:

• Wash and dry the affected area before applying the medication.
• Apply a thin layer to the affected area as directed by your doctor or pharmacist.
• Gently rub the medication into the skin until it is absorbed.
• Wash your hands after application, unless the hands are the treated area.
• Avoid contact with eyes; if contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.
• Do not cover the treated area with bandages or tight clothing, allow it to breathe.
• Continue using this medication for the full prescribed length of time, even if symptoms disappear quickly.