KONAKION 2MG INJ

Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K1, primarily works by acting as a cofactor for the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). This enzyme is crucial for the activation of clotting factors in the liver, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X. When administered, phytomenadione replenishes the body's vitamin K stores, which are essential for the carboxylation of glutamate residues in these clotting factors. This carboxylation process is vital as it allows the clotting factors to bind to calcium ions, thereby promoting proper blood coagulation. The mechanism involves the conversion of inactive precursor clotting factors into their active forms, enabling the normal clotting cascade and preventing excessive bleeding.

Vitamin K

Injection

The following are the uses of Phytomenadione 2MG Injection:

• Used for reversing the effects of excessive anticoagulant activity in patients who need to quickly restore normal blood clotting, especially before surgeries or invasive procedures.
• Used for treating bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency, which can occur in newborns or individuals with certain medical conditions.
• Used for preventing bleeding in high-risk situations, such as patients with liver disease or those on long-term anticoagulant therapy.
• Used for promoting blood clotting in cases of accidental overdose of anticoagulant medications.
• Used for managing bleeding disorders like coagulation factor deficiencies or warfarin-induced skin necrosis.
• Used for supporting the treatment of certain types of poisoning, where vitamin K plays a role in the detoxification process.
• Used for preoperative prophylaxis to prevent excessive bleeding during and after surgery.

In the case of an overdose of Phytomenadione 2MG Injection, it is important to recognize the signs and act promptly. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, bleeding or bruising. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical advice immediately. Treatment involves managing symptoms and providing supportive care, which may include monitoring vital signs and administering fluids or other necessary interventions. Quick action can help prevent potential complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Phytomenadione 2MG Injection, it is important to administer the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, it is recommended to skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you have missed multiple doses, consult your healthcare provider for further guidance on how to safely resume your medication.

To administer Phytomenadione 2MG Injection, follow the prescribed dosage, typically given intramuscularly or subcutaneously, and ensure the injection is administered under medical supervision, following the recommended injection site guidelines and proper aseptic techniques for safe and effective use.

Following are the conditions/situations when Phytomenadione 2MG Injection should not be used:

• Must not be used in individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Phytomenadione or any other vitamin K derivatives.
• Not suitable for patients with a history of hypervitaminosis K (excessive levels of vitamin K in the body).
• Contraindicated in individuals with conditions where blood clotting is impaired, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
• Should not be administered intravenously in newborns due to the risk of tissue damage and necrosis.
• Not recommended for patients with cholestatic jaundice or conditions affecting bile flow, as it may interfere with the absorption of the medication.
• Avoid using in patients with a history of allergic reactions to any injectable medications.
• Not suitable for individuals with a known or suspected deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, as it may lead to excessive clotting.

The side effects of Phytomenadione 2MG Injection may include:

• Skin rash or itching
• Slow or irregular heartbeat
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Severe headache
• Unusual bruising or bleeding
• Allergic reactions, including hives and anaphylaxis

Following are the precautions and warnings for Phytomenadione 2MG Injection:

• This medication should be used with caution in patients with known allergies to vitamin K or any other components of the injection.
• Patients with a history of liver disease or conditions affecting blood clotting should be closely monitored, as the dosage may need adjustment.
• Phytomenadione injection may interact with anticoagulant medications; close monitoring of blood clotting parameters is essential.
• Patients with a history of jaundice or other liver-related conditions should exercise caution and inform their healthcare provider.
• Not recommended for use in infants unless prescribed by a pediatrician, and close monitoring is required.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to side effects; dosage adjustments might be necessary.
• It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medications you are currently taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
• Seek immediate medical attention if any signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing, occur after administration.

Following are the drug interactions for Phytomenadione 2MG Injection:

• It may decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulants like warfarin, requiring close monitoring of coagulation parameters.
• Can reduce the therapeutic effects of oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, necessitating dosage adjustments.
• Concomitant use with barbiturates, rifampicin, or mineral oil may decrease the duration of action of phytomenadione.
• Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) can interfere with the action of vitamin K antagonists like acenocoumarol, requiring dosage adjustments.
• Interactions with cholestyramine and colestipol can reduce the absorption of phytomenadione, requiring administration at least one hour apart.
• May reduce the efficacy of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, requiring close monitoring of blood glucose levels.
• The use of high doses of vitamin D or prolonged use of salicylates may increase the risk of vitamin K deficiency, impacting the effectiveness of phytomenadione.

Following are the food interactions for Phytomenadione 2MG Injection:

• Avoid consuming large amounts of foods rich in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables (spinach, kale), broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. These foods can decrease the effectiveness of Phytomenadione.
• Do not consume high-fat meals or fatty foods as they may interfere with the absorption of Phytomenadione, leading to reduced effectiveness.
• Grapefruit and its juice should be avoided as they can alter the metabolism of certain medications, potentially affecting the breakdown and effectiveness of Phytomenadione.
• Alcohol consumption should be limited as it may affect blood clotting and interact with the injection, increasing the risk of bleeding or altering its effectiveness.
• Caffeinated beverages should be consumed in moderation as caffeine may affect blood vessels and potentially interact with the medication's effects.
• Avoid excessive use of salt or high-sodium foods as they may affect fluid balance and potentially interact with the injection's effects on blood clotting.
• Always inform your healthcare provider about your dietary habits to ensure the proper management of your medication.

Phytomenadione 2MG Injection should be stored in a controlled environment, preferably in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Maintain a consistent room temperature, avoiding exposure to extreme heat or cold. Ensure the injection is stored in its original packaging, securely sealed to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to store it in bathrooms or kitchens, where temperature fluctuations can occur. Regularly check the expiration date, and properly dispose of any unused or expired injections by consulting a pharmacist or healthcare professional for guidance on safe disposal practices. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental exposure or ingestion.

Following are the quick tips for Phytomenadione 2MG Injection:

• Administer the injection under medical supervision; do not self-inject.
• Ensure the injection is given intramuscularly or subcutaneously as directed by the healthcare provider.
• Clean the injection site with an alcohol swab before administering the medication.
• Rotate injection sites to minimize discomfort and tissue damage.
• Dispose of used needles and syringes safely in a puncture-proof container.
• Store the injection at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Do not freeze the medication.