LOMUSTINE CAP 10'S (MEDUSTINE)

Lomustine, the active ingredient in the 10mg capsule, is an alkylating agent that primarily exerts its cytotoxic effects by interfering with DNA replication and transcription. It achieves this by forming DNA cross-links, particularly at the O6 position of guanine residues, leading to DNA damage and strand breaks. These DNA alterations subsequently result in inhibition of DNA synthesis and RNA transcription, ultimately triggering cell death. The mechanism of action is not cell-cycle specific, meaning it can affect cells in all phases of the cell cycle, but it may be more effective during the late G1 and S phases. Lomustine's ability to damage DNA makes it effective in slowing down the growth and proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.

Lomustine 10mg

Alkylating agent.

Capsule

The following are the uses of Lomustine 10mg Capsule:

• Used for treating brain tumors, both primary and metastatic.
• Used for glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer.
• Used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, a type of lymphoma.
• Used to manage certain types of lung cancer.
• Used for melanoma that has spread to the brain.
• Used in combination therapy for various cancers.
• Used as a second-line treatment option for recurrent cancers.
• Used to improve survival rates in specific cancer cases.

In the case of an overdose of Lomustine 10mg Capsules, individuals may experience severe side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and a significant decrease in white blood cell count, leading to a higher risk of infection. The severity of symptoms can vary based on the amount ingested. It is imperative to seek medical assistance promptly, as quick intervention is vital to mitigate the potentially harmful consequences of such an overdose. Medical professionals will provide the necessary care to manage and alleviate these adverse effects.

In the case of a missed dose of Lomustine 10mg Capsule, it is important to act promptly. If you remember within a few hours of the missed dose, take the medication as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. It is crucial to maintain a consistent medication routine, so set reminders or use a pill organizer to help you remember to take your medication as prescribed.

To take Lomustine 10mg Capsules, swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water, preferably at the same time each day, as directed by your healthcare professional, without crushing, chewing, or opening the capsule.

Following are the conditions when Lomustine 10mg Capsule should not be used:

• Must not be taken by patients with a known allergy to Lomustine or other nitrosourea medications.
• Contraindicated in individuals with severe bone marrow suppression, as it can further worsen the condition.
• Should not be used during pregnancy as it may cause harm to the fetus.
• Not recommended for breastfeeding mothers, as it can pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
• Avoid in patients with severe kidney or liver disease, as it may not be properly metabolized.
• Should not be administered to patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to other chemotherapy drugs.
• Contraindicated in patients with active infections, as it can suppress the immune system.
• Not suitable for patients with a history of recent surgery or planning to have surgery soon.
• Must be used with caution in patients with lung diseases, as it may cause respiratory issues.

The side effects of Lomustine 10mg Capsule may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue and weakness
• Hair loss
• Skin rashes or itching
• Mouth sores
• Diarrhea
• Low blood cell counts (leading to increased risk of infection, anemia, or bleeding)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Lomustine 10mg Capsule:

• This medication is potentially harmful to the fetus and should not be used during pregnancy. Effective contraception is essential while taking this medicine.
• Lomustine can cause severe suppression of bone marrow function, leading to decreased blood cell counts. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor blood cell levels.
• Patients should avoid contact with people who have infections, as Lomustine can suppress the immune system, making infections more severe.
• It may cause severe liver damage, and liver function tests should be performed regularly during treatment.
• Patients with pre-existing kidney disease may require dosage adjustments, as the drug is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.
• This drug can cause severe nausea and vomiting. Antiemetic medications may be prescribed to manage these side effects.
• Patients should not receive live vaccines while on Lomustine treatment, as it may interfere with the immune response to the vaccine.
• It is a potent chemotherapy agent and should be handled with care by healthcare professionals, following safe handling procedures to minimize exposure.

Following are the drug interactions for Lomustine 10mg Capsule:

• The use of phenytoin or carbamazepine alongside Lomustine may lead to decreased drug levels and reduced effectiveness of Lomustine.
• Rifampin can decrease the effectiveness of Lomustine by increasing its metabolism.
• Combining Lomustine with other myelosuppressive agents may result in additive myelosuppression, requiring close monitoring of blood counts.
• The use of allopurinol with Lomustine may increase the risk of bone marrow suppression.
• Lomustine can potentiate the effects of warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants, necessitating careful monitoring of coagulation parameters.
• Live vaccines should be avoided during Lomustine therapy due to the risk of severe or fatal infections.
• Caution is advised when using Lomustine with drugs that cause nephrotoxicity, as it may increase the risk of kidney damage.

Following are the food interactions for Lomustine 10mg Capsule:

• Avoid consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice as they can interfere with the metabolism of Lomustine, potentially leading to increased drug levels and a higher risk of side effects.
• Alcohol consumption should be limited or avoided as it may enhance the sedative effects of Lomustine, causing dizziness and drowsiness.
• Avoid eating high-fat meals as they may affect the absorption of Lomustine, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
• Certain foods containing tyramine, like aged cheeses and cured meats, should be avoided as they can interact with Lomustine, leading to increased blood pressure.
• Avoid excessive consumption of vitamin-rich foods, especially those high in vitamin C, as they can alter the effectiveness of Lomustine.
• Limit the intake of salt and salty foods, as Lomustine may cause sodium retention, affecting fluid balance.
• Consult your healthcare provider about any specific dietary restrictions or recommendations, especially regarding foods that may impact your liver function.
• Stay well-hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to support your overall health during Lomustine treatment.

Lomustine 10mg capsules should be stored in a secure and dry location, away from direct sunlight and moisture. It is crucial to keep the medication in its original container, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid exposing the capsules to heat sources like radiators or ovens, as extreme temperatures can degrade their quality. Always check the expiration date, and dispose of any unused or expired capsules responsibly. Proper disposal is important; do not flush them or pour them down the drain. Consult your pharmacist for guidance on safe disposal practices. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion. Responsible storage and disposal practices ensure the safety and effectiveness of Lomustine 10mg capsules.

Following are the quick tips for Lomustine 10mg Capsule:

• Consult your doctor for personalized dosage instructions based on your medical condition.
• Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water; do not crush, chew, or open it.
• Take Lomustine on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after a meal.
• Ensure regular blood tests as directed by your doctor to monitor your blood cell counts.
• Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking to avoid interactions.
• Avoid contact with broken capsules; if contact occurs, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water.
• Store Lomustine capsules in their original container, away from moisture and light, at room temperature.
• Do not share your medication with others; it is prescribed specifically for your health condition.