Magnesium Sulphate (50%w/v) inj 10ml

Magnesium Sulfate Injection exerts its therapeutic effects primarily through its actions on the nervous system and muscles. It acts as a central nervous system depressant, inhibiting neuronal excitability by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and enhancing the effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA. This mechanism helps in reducing neuronal activity, preventing seizures, and providing neuroprotection. Magnesium also blocks calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and promoting relaxation of blood vessels, which contributes to its use in managing preeclampsia and eclampsia. Additionally, magnesium sulfate facilitates the release of nitric oxide, further enhancing vasodilation and improving blood flow. By modulating these various physiological processes, magnesium sulfate injection effectively treats conditions such as seizures, preterm labor, and eclampsia during pregnancy.

Magnesium Sulphate

Anticonvulsant, Antiemetic, Tocolytic

Injection

The following are the uses of Magnesium Sulphate Injection:

• Used for treating magnesium deficiency, especially in cases of severe deficiency where oral supplementation is ineffective.
• Used for controlling seizures associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia during pregnancy, helping to prevent and manage these life-threatening conditions.
• Used for stabilizing abnormal heart rhythms, particularly in emergency situations where rapid correction is necessary.
• Used for treating and preventing hypomagnesemia, a condition of low magnesium levels in the blood, which can be caused by various factors like gastrointestinal disorders or alcohol abuse.
• Used for improving lung function and reducing inflammation in respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Used for preventing cerebral palsy in premature babies by reducing the risk of brain damage and promoting healthy neurological development.
• Used for managing acute asthma attacks to provide rapid relief from symptoms like bronchospasm and shortness of breath.
• Used for preventing and treating arrhythmias during cardiac surgery, ensuring a stable heart rhythm during critical procedures.

In the case of an overdose of Magnesium Sulphate Injection, it is important to recognize the potential symptoms, which may include nausea, vomiting, extreme muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, and a significant drop in blood pressure. Prompt medical intervention is necessary, as excessive magnesium levels can lead to serious complications, including cardiac arrest. Medical professionals should be contacted immediately to provide appropriate treatment and support to manage the overdose effectively.

In the case of a missed dose of Magnesium Sulphate Injection, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for guidance. They will determine the appropriate course of action based on your specific situation. Generally, if a dose is missed, it is recommended to administer it as soon as possible unless you are close to the time for your next scheduled dose. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one without medical advice. Your healthcare provider will advise you on how to adjust the dosage and timing to ensure the treatment remains effective.

To administer Magnesium Sulphate Injection, prepare the injection by drawing the prescribed dose into a syringe, ensuring the solution is clear and free from particles, and inject it slowly into the muscle or intravenous line as directed by your healthcare professional, following the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines provided.

Following are the conditions or circumstances when Magnesium Sulphate Injection should not be administered:

• Allergy • Should not be used if the patient has a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Magnesium Sulphate or any of the excipients in the injection.
• Kidney impairment • Contraindicated in patients with severe kidney disease or kidney failure as it can lead to magnesium accumulation.
• Myasthenia Gravis • Not recommended for patients with this neuromuscular condition as it can worsen muscle weakness.
• Slow heart rate (bradycardia) • Magnesium Sulphate can slow down the heart rate further, so it should not be used in patients with bradycardia.
• Heart block • Contraindicated in patients with advanced heart block or severe cardiac conduction disorders.
• Recent heart attack • Should not be used in patients who have had a recent myocardial infarction.
• Respiratory issues • Magnesium Sulphate should be avoided in patients with severe respiratory disease or breathing difficulties.
• Elderly patients • Use with caution in the elderly, especially those with cardiac or renal issues.
• Pediatric use • Not recommended for neonates and infants without proper medical supervision due to the risk of toxicity.

The side effects of Magnesium Sulphate Injection may include:

• Slow heart rate or cardiac arrest
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Facial flushing
• Muscle weakness or paralysis
• Respiratory depression (slowed breathing)
• Loss of reflexes
• Confusion or drowsiness

Here are the precautions and warnings for Magnesium Sulphate Injection:

• Not recommended for patients with impaired kidney function or kidney disease; dosage adjustments may be necessary under medical supervision.
• Should be used with caution in patients with heart block, as it may worsen the condition.
• Avoid using in patients with severe dehydration, as it can lead to further fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the effects and side effects, so close monitoring is essential.
• Do not administer intramuscularly; only use intravenously as directed by a healthcare professional.
• Discontinue use if signs of an allergic reaction occur, such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• This medication may cause muscle weakness, especially in the elderly or those with neuromuscular disorders. Monitor for respiratory depression and take necessary precautions.

Following are the drug interactions for Magnesium Sulphate Injection:

• Concurrent use with calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine, amlodipine) may lead to an excessive drop in blood pressure and increased risk of muscle weakness.
• Use with neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., vecuronium, rocuronium) may enhance neuromuscular blockade, potentially leading to respiratory depression.
• Diuretics, especially loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide), may increase magnesium excretion, reducing its effectiveness.
• Concurrent use with aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin) may enhance neuromuscular toxicity, increasing the risk of respiratory depression.
• Combination with central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids) may cause increased sedation and respiratory depression.
• Use with digoxin may alter heart conduction, increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
• Concomitant administration with bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate, risedronate) may reduce their absorption, leading to decreased effectiveness.
• High doses may interact with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin), potentially affecting blood clotting mechanisms.
• Magnesium sulphate can reduce the effectiveness of certain antibiotics, such as tetracyclines and quinolones, by decreasing their absorption.

Following are the food interactions for Magnesium Sulphate Injection:

• Avoid excessive consumption of foods rich in calcium, as high calcium levels can reduce the absorption of magnesium, leading to decreased effectiveness of the medication.
• Limit or avoid dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt, as well as calcium-fortified foods, before and after the injection to prevent potential interactions.
• Foods high in oxalic acid, such as spinach, rhubarb, and beet greens, can bind with magnesium and reduce its absorption, so it is advisable to consume these foods in moderation.
• Phytic acid in whole grains, legumes, and nuts can also decrease magnesium absorption. Consider limiting these foods or ensuring a balanced diet to maintain adequate magnesium levels.
• Avoid alcohol, as it can potentially enhance the central nervous system side effects of Magnesium Sulphate, such as dizziness and drowsiness.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed cautiously, as they may affect the metabolism of medications, although specific interactions with Magnesium Sulphate are not well-documented.
• Ensure adequate hydration before and after the injection, as magnesium sulfate can cause dehydration, and drinking enough fluids can help maintain electrolyte balance.
• Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on dietary considerations, especially if you have kidney problems or other medical conditions that may impact magnesium levels.

Magnesium Sulphate Injection should be stored in a controlled environment, specifically at room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F). Protect the injection from light and store it in its original packaging to maintain its integrity. Avoid freezing the solution, as it may affect its potency. It is crucial not to use the injection if it shows any signs of discoloration or if particles are visible. Always check the expiration date, and dispose of any expired or unused medication responsibly. Do not dispose of it in household waste or pour it down the drain; instead, contact your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance on proper disposal methods to ensure environmental safety. Keep this medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Magnesium Sulphate Injection:

• Check the expiry date before use and ensure the solution is clear and free from particles.
• Use a clean, dry syringe and needle for each injection to maintain sterility.
• Inject the solution slowly to minimize discomfort and risk of tissue damage.
• Rotate injection sites to avoid skin irritation and tissue damage.
• Store the injection at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Do not use if the solution is discolored or contains particles.
• Dispose of used needles and syringes safely in a designated sharps container.