Maladrin (500/25mg) 10 Tablets

Pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine are the active components in Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet, and their mechanism of action is as follows Pyrimethamine acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme crucial for the production of folic acid in the body. By blocking this enzyme, pyrimethamine inhibits the synthesis of folic acid, which is essential for the growth and survival of certain microorganisms, particularly protozoa. Sulfadoxine, on the other hand, is a sulfonamide antibiotic that interferes with the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria and some protozoa. It does this by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is involved in the production of dihydrofolic acid, a precursor to folic acid. Together, these two drugs work synergistically to disrupt folic acid metabolism in susceptible organisms, thereby inhibiting their growth and proliferation. This is particularly effective against certain protozoa, such as Plasmodium species, which cause malaria, as they are unable to synthesize their own folic acid and rely on the host's supply.

Antimalarial, Antifolate

Tablet

The following are the uses of Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet:

• Used for treating malaria, especially in areas with chloroquine-resistant strains.
• Used for preventing and managing toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
• Used for controlling and treating Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in AIDS patients.
• Used for managing parasitic infections in combination with other medications.
• Used for reducing the risk of malaria transmission during pregnancy in endemic areas.
• Used for suppressing the symptoms of autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune response.
• Used for treating and preventing relapses of malaria in travelers returning from endemic regions.

In the case of an overdose of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine Tablets, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. More severe effects can include bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical attention immediately. Treatment may involve monitoring blood cell counts and providing supportive care until the medication is cleared from the system.

In the case of a missed dose of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine Tablet, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, consult your healthcare provider for guidance on how to adjust your dosing schedule and ensure you receive the proper treatment.

To take Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet, swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, preferably with a meal, exactly as prescribed by your doctor, and ensure you complete the full course of medication as directed.

Following are the conditions/situations when Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet should not be used:

• Should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine, or other similar sulfa drugs.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Not recommended for individuals with severe folate deficiency.
• Should be avoided in patients with a history of blood disorders, such as megaloblastic anemia.
• Do not use in individuals with known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
• Contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• Should not be used in breastfeeding mothers due to potential risks to the infant.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of seizures or epilepsy.
• Should be used with caution and avoided in patients with severe diarrhea or dehydration.
• Do not administer to infants under 2 months of age due to the risk of kernicterus.

The side effects of Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Skin rash or itching
• Fatigue or weakness
• Fever
• Mouth sores

Here are the precautions and warnings for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet:

• This medication should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine or any other sulfonamide drugs.
• Regular monitoring of blood cell counts and liver function is necessary during treatment, especially in patients with pre-existing blood or liver disorders.
• Patients with severe kidney or liver impairment should exercise caution and consult a doctor, as dosage adjustments may be required.
• Not recommended for use during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• Breastfeeding women should use this medication with caution as it can pass into breast milk and may cause adverse effects in nursing infants.
• Patients should be aware of potential severe skin reactions and seek immediate medical attention if a rash or any other signs of allergic reaction occur.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided while taking this medication as it may increase the risk of side effects.
• Keep this medication out of reach of children and pets.

Following are the drug interactions for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet:

• Concomitant use with folic acid antagonists like methotrexate may decrease the effectiveness of Pyrimethamine, as both drugs compete for the same metabolic pathway.
• Avoid taking sulfonamides with dofetilide, as it may increase the risk of a rare but serious heart condition called Torsades de Pointes.
• The effects of antidiabetic medications may be reduced when used with Sulfadoxine, potentially requiring dosage adjustments.
• Pyrimethamine can increase the concentration of cyclosporine, a medication used in organ transplants, requiring careful monitoring.
• Anticonvulsants like phenytoin and phenobarbital may decrease the effectiveness of Pyrimethamine by increasing its metabolism.
• Sulfadoxine may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, requiring alternative birth control methods during treatment.
• Theophylline levels may be increased when used with Pyrimethamine, potentially leading to theophylline toxicity.

Following are the food interactions for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet:

• Avoid consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice as they can interfere with the metabolism of the drug, potentially leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
• Foods high in fat can affect the absorption of Sulfadoxine, so it is advisable to follow the dosing instructions and not consume high-fat meals immediately before or after taking the medication.
• Dairy products, particularly milk, may reduce the absorption of Pyrimethamine. Consider separating milk consumption from medication dosing by a few hours.
• Avoid taking the tablet with a high-fiber meal as fiber may decrease the absorption of Pyrimethamine.
• Vitamin C supplements or citrus fruits rich in vitamin C may decrease the effectiveness of Sulfadoxine.
• Iron supplements or iron-rich foods can interfere with the absorption of both Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine. Take the tablet at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after consuming iron-rich foods or supplements.
• Always ensure you are well-hydrated when taking this medication, as adequate fluid intake supports the overall function of the medication.

Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablets should be stored in a secure and dry location, preferably in a medicine cabinet or a designated storage area, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat. Keep the tablets in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their potency and prevent exposure to air and humidity. It is crucial to store the medication at room temperature, avoiding extreme temperatures to ensure its effectiveness. Always check the expiration date before use, and dispose of expired or unused tablets responsibly. Do not throw them in the trash or flush them down the toilet; instead, consult your pharmacist or local waste management guidelines for safe disposal practices. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine Tablet:

• Always take the medication as directed by your doctor, typically once a week.
• Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew it.
• Ensure you drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication.
• Take the tablet with food to reduce stomach upset.
• Avoid taking antacids or dairy products within an hour of taking the medication.
• Inform your doctor if you have any kidney or liver issues before starting this medication.
• Regular blood tests may be required to monitor your progress and side effects.