MEDISOL MANITOL 20% 500ML

Mannitol, when administered intravenously, acts as an osmotic diuretic. Its primary mechanism of action involves increasing osmolarity within the renal tubules, leading to increased water excretion and diuresis. Mannitol molecules are freely filtered through the glomerulus and then exert their osmotic effect in the renal tubules, particularly in the proximal tubule. This increased osmotic pressure within the tubules promotes the movement of water from the interstitial and intracellular spaces into the tubule lumen, resulting in increased urine output. By drawing excess fluid from the extracellular and intracellular compartments, mannitol helps reduce intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure, or cerebral edema, making it useful in various medical conditions where reducing these pressures is essential.

Mannitol

Osmotic Diuretic

Infusion

The following are the uses of Mannitol Infusion:

• Used for reducing increased intracranial pressure, a life-threatening condition where pressure rises inside the skull.
• Used for treating acute oliguric renal failure, a sudden decrease in kidney function.
• Used for providing osmotic diuresis, a process to increase urine output in certain conditions.
• Used for maintaining blood volume during surgical procedures, ensuring stable circulation.
• Used for treating cerebral edema, a swelling in the brain that requires urgent attention.
• Used for managing traumatic brain injuries to reduce pressure and swelling.
• Used for diagnostic purposes in specific medical imaging procedures.
• Used for temporarily improving vision in patients with glaucoma.

In the case of an overdose of Mannitol Infusion, symptoms may include excessive urination, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potential renal dysfunction. The severity of these effects can vary depending on the individual's health and the amount ingested. Immediate medical intervention is necessary, including monitoring vital signs, fluid balance, and renal function. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care to minimize potential complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Mannitol Infusion, it is important to act promptly. If you realize you've missed an infusion, contact your healthcare professional immediately for guidance. They will likely advise you to administer the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular infusion schedule. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this can lead to potential side effects.

To administer the Mannitol Infusion, ensure the intravenous line is properly set up, then slowly inject the prescribed dose over the recommended time period, typically 30-60 minutes, while closely monitoring for any signs of adverse reactions.

Here are the conditions and situations when Mannitol Infusion should not be used:

• Not recommended for patients with severe dehydration or hypovolemia.
• Contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to mannitol or any of its components.
• Should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment or uncontrolled kidney failure.
• Not suitable for patients with active intracranial bleeding or conditions like cerebral hemorrhage.
• Avoid in patients with severe pulmonary edema or acute lung injury.
• Not indicated for patients with heart failure or severely compromised cardiac function.
• Should be used with caution in patients with conditions like severe pulmonary hypertension.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood).
• Not recommended for patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Discontinue use if anaphylactic reactions or severe adverse effects occur during infusion.

The side effects of Mannitol Infusion may include:

• Increased urination
• Electrolyte imbalance, particularly low sodium levels (hyponatremia)
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness
• Flushing (warmth and redness in the face)
• Allergic reactions, such as skin rash, itching, or hives
• Thirst

Following are the precautions and warnings for Mannitol Infusion:

• This medication should be administered with caution in patients with conditions like severe pulmonary edema, acute pulmonary edema, severe dehydration, or severe hyponatremia, as it may exacerbate these conditions.
• Close monitoring of fluid balance, electrolytes, and vital signs is essential during treatment, especially in patients with heart or kidney issues.
• Mannitol should be used with caution in patients with congestive heart failure or other cardiac conditions, as it may lead to fluid overload.
• Not recommended for patients with anuria or severe kidney impairment, as it may further compromise renal function.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the effects of mannitol, so dosage adjustments might be necessary.
• Avoid rapid infusion as it can lead to severe hypotension. Infuse slowly and monitor blood pressure regularly.
• Patients should be advised to inform their healthcare provider if they experience any signs of allergic reactions or severe side effects.

Following are the drug interactions for Mannitol Infusion:

• Mannitol can reduce the effectiveness of lithium, leading to potential toxicity if not monitored.
• It may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants like heparin or warfarin.
• Mannitol can enhance the ototoxic effects of medications such as aminoglycoside antibiotics.
• The hypotensive effect of Mannitol may be increased when used with other antihypertensive drugs.
• It can reduce the renal clearance of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, increasing the risk of kidney damage.
• Mannitol may decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by reducing their concentration at the tumor site.
• When combined with certain diuretics, Mannitol can lead to severe electrolyte imbalances.

Following are the food interactions for Mannitol Infusion:

• Avoid consuming high-sodium foods, as Mannitol can increase sodium levels, leading to fluid retention.
• Restrict your fluid intake as directed by your healthcare provider, as excessive fluid consumption may reduce the effectiveness of Mannitol.
• Limit your intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas, oranges, and spinach, as Mannitol can cause potassium loss.
• Avoid alcohol consumption, as it can increase the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed cautiously, as they may affect the body's fluid balance and electrolyte levels.
• Caffeinated beverages should be limited, as they can act as diuretics and impact fluid regulation.
• Follow a balanced diet as advised by your dietician to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance.
• Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized dietary recommendations during Mannitol Infusion treatment.

Mannitol Infusion storage and disposal should be carried out with care to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Store the infusion in a cool, dry place, preferably at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture exposure. Keep the infusion in its original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain its sterility and prevent contamination. Avoid extreme temperatures by not storing it near heat sources or in the refrigerator. Always check the expiration date before use and discard any expired or unused infusion according to local regulations and guidelines. Proper disposal methods should be followed, avoiding pouring it down the drain or flushing it, and consulting healthcare professionals or pharmacists for guidance on safe disposal practices. Keep the infusion out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Mannitol Infusion:

• Administer the infusion under medical supervision and as directed by your healthcare professional.
• Ensure the infusion is administered at a controlled rate as prescribed.
• Monitor fluid balance and vital signs during and after the infusion.
• Avoid rapid infusion to prevent potential side effects.
• Report any signs of allergic reaction or discomfort immediately.
• Ensure proper hydration before and after the infusion.
• Store the infusion as directed, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.