MELFALAN TAB 5MG

Melphalan, the active ingredient in the 5MG tablet, is an alkylating agent that primarily exerts its cytotoxic effects by interfering with DNA replication and transcription. It achieves this by forming DNA cross-links, specifically interstrand cross-links between guanine bases in DNA, which leads to DNA strand breaks and subsequent inhibition of DNA synthesis. This mechanism results in the disruption of cellular metabolism and function, ultimately triggering apoptosis or programmed cell death in rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. The DNA damage induced by melphalan is considered irreversible, making it an effective agent in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly in the context of bone marrow suppression and preparation for stem cell transplantation.

Alkylating agent

Tablet

The following are the uses of Melphalan 5MG Tablet:

• Used for treating multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
• Used for managing advanced ovarian cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
• Used for managing certain types of lymphoma, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
• Used for bone marrow preparation before a stem cell transplant.
• Used for controlling certain solid tumors that have spread to other parts of the body.
• Used for slowing down the progression of certain blood disorders.
• Used for managing certain rare cancers in specific clinical situations.

In the case of an overdose of Melphalan 5MG Tablets, it is important to recognize the potential severity of the situation. Symptoms may include severe bone marrow suppression, leading to a significant decrease in blood cell production. This can result in anemia, increased risk of infections, and bleeding disorders. Prompt medical intervention is necessary, including hospitalization and supportive care, to manage the complications arising from an overdose of this potent medication. Timely treatment can help mitigate the adverse effects and ensure the best possible outcome.

In the case of a missed dose of Melphalan 5MG Tablet, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for specific instructions. Generally, if you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, inform your doctor, as they may need to adjust your treatment plan accordingly. Always seek medical advice for personalized guidance.

To take Melphalan 5MG Tablets, swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, typically taken once daily or as directed.

Following are the conditions or circumstances when Melphalan 5MG Tablet should not be administered:

• Must not be used in patients with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Melphalan or any of its excipients.
• Contraindicated in pregnant women due to potential harm to the fetus.
• Not recommended for breastfeeding mothers, as it may pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.
• Should be avoided in patients with severely impaired bone marrow function or low blood cell counts.
• Not suitable for patients with uncontrolled infections, as it can suppress the immune system.
• Should not be used in patients with known severe kidney disease or kidney failure.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of recent or ongoing yellow fever vaccination.
• Not recommended for individuals with severe cardiovascular disease, as it may cause cardiac toxicity.

The side effects of Melphalan 5MG Tablet may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss (alopecia)
• Fatigue and weakness
• Increased risk of infections
• Diarrhea
• Skin reactions, such as rash or itching
• Loss of appetite
• Mouth sores

Following are the precautions and warnings for Melphalan 5MG Tablet:

• This medication is potentially harmful to an unborn baby, and women should avoid becoming pregnant while taking it. Pregnancy tests are recommended before starting treatment.
• Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment and for a period after, as Melphalan can pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.
• Melphalan can cause severe birth defects, and effective contraception is essential during treatment for both men and women.
• It may cause bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in blood cell counts. Regular blood tests are required to monitor this.
• Patients should inform their doctor about any previous or existing medical conditions, especially kidney or liver disease.
• Patients should avoid contact with people who have recently received live vaccines, as Melphalan can increase the risk of infection.
• Melphalan may increase the risk of developing secondary cancers, and long-term monitoring is necessary after treatment.
• This medication can cause severe allergic reactions; immediate medical attention should be sought if any symptoms occur.

Following are the drug interactions for Melphalan 5MG Tablet:

• Other chemotherapy drugs may increase the risk of bone marrow suppression and other side effects when used concurrently with Melphalan.
• Live vaccines should be avoided during and after treatment with Melphalan, as it may lead to severe infections.
• Antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins can potentially reduce the effectiveness of Melphalan by inhibiting its absorption.
• Melphalan may interact with certain diuretics, increasing the risk of kidney damage and electrolyte imbalances.
• Anticonvulsants such as phenytoin and phenobarbital can decrease the effectiveness of Melphalan by increasing its metabolism.
• The use of immunosuppressants alongside Melphalan may result in increased immunosuppression and higher infection risk.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may reduce the absorption of Melphalan, potentially decreasing its effectiveness.

Following are the food interactions to be aware of when taking Melphalan 5MG Tablet:

• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided as it can increase the risk of side effects and may negatively impact the bone marrow.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided as they can interfere with the metabolism of Melphalan, potentially leading to increased drug levels in the body.
• Avoid eating large amounts of cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, as they may affect the way Melphalan is metabolized.
• Limit or avoid foods rich in tyramine, such as aged cheeses, cured meats, and fermented foods, as they can interact with Melphalan and increase blood pressure.
• Avoid consuming large amounts of vitamin C supplements or citrus fruits, as they may alter the effectiveness of Melphalan.
• Ensure a balanced diet and maintain adequate hydration to support overall health during treatment.
• It is generally recommended to follow a healthy, well-balanced diet while taking Melphalan, as prescribed by your healthcare provider.

Melphalan 5MG Tablets should be stored in a secure and controlled environment, preferably in a designated medication storage area that is cool, dry, and free from temperature extremes. It is crucial to keep the tablets in their original, tightly sealed container to maintain their integrity and protect them from moisture and light. Avoid exposing the medication to direct sunlight or storing it in humid places like bathrooms. Always check the expiration date, and never use or administer tablets beyond their expiry. When disposing of Melphalan tablets, do not throw them into the trash or flush them down the toilet. Instead, contact your local pharmacy or healthcare facility for guidance on safe disposal methods to prevent environmental contamination. Keep the medication locked away and out of children's reach to ensure their safety.

Following are the quick tips for Melphalan 5MG Tablet:

• Consult your doctor for the right dosage and duration of treatment.
• Take the tablet orally as directed, preferably on an empty stomach.
• Ensure you swallow the tablet whole without crushing or chewing.
• Maintain a consistent medication schedule for better effectiveness.
• Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one; continue with the next scheduled dose.
• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medical conditions before starting this medication.
• Store the tablets in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.