NAPA 250 SUPP

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, primarily exerts its analgesic and antipyretic effects through its actions in the central nervous system. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed that paracetamol inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in pain and inflammation pathways. It does so by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the production of prostaglandin E2, which is responsible for mediating pain signals and regulating body temperature. Unlike non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol has minimal peripheral anti-inflammatory effects, making it particularly useful for managing pain and fever without affecting peripheral tissues.

Analgesic/antipyretic

Liquid

The following are the uses of Paracetamol Liquid:

• Used for reducing fever and relieving mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, toothaches, and post-vaccination discomfort.
• Used for treating symptoms of common illnesses like colds, flu, and sore throat.
• Used for managing pain and discomfort in children, offering a more convenient dosage form.
• Used for providing temporary relief from minor aches and pains associated with muscle strains or sprains.
• Used for alleviating discomfort during teething in infants.
• Used as an antipyretic to break and control high temperatures.
• Used as an alternative for individuals who may have difficulty swallowing tablets.

In the case of an overdose of Paracetamol Liquid, the severity of symptoms can vary based on the amount ingested. Common effects include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In more serious cases, liver damage may occur, leading to jaundice, right-sided abdominal pain, and abnormal blood tests. It is important to seek medical advice promptly and provide information on the quantity consumed to ensure appropriate treatment.

In the case of a missed dose of Paracetamol Liquid, it is important to act promptly. If you remember within a few hours of the missed dose, administer the medication as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. Always store the liquid medication properly and consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions about missed doses.

To take Paracetamol Liquid, measure the prescribed dose using the measuring cup provided, ensuring accuracy, and administer it orally, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional or as directed on the medication label.

Following are the conditions or situations when Paracetamol Liquid should not be used:

• Do not administer if the patient is allergic to paracetamol or any of the excipients in the liquid formulation.
• Avoid using Paracetamol Liquid in patients with severe liver disease or liver impairment, as it can lead to liver toxicity.
• Not recommended for individuals with severe kidney disease or kidney impairment.
• Should not be used to treat fever or pain in children if they have a viral infection, especially chickenpox or influenza, without consulting a doctor.
• Contraindicated for patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, as it may cause hemolytic anemia.
• Do not use Paracetamol Liquid if the patient is already taking other medications containing paracetamol to avoid overdose.
• Avoid using it to treat pain or fever for more than 3 days without consulting a healthcare professional.

The side effects of Paracetamol Liquid may include:

• Skin rash or itching
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Dark-colored urine
• Pale stools
• Liver problems in rare cases

Following are the precautions and warnings for Paracetamol Liquid:

• Do not exceed the recommended dosage, as it may lead to liver damage.
• This medication should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, as it may require dosage adjustments.
• Paracetamol can interact with other medications; inform your doctor about all the medicines you are currently taking.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided while taking Paracetamol, as it may increase the risk of liver damage.
• Do not use this medication for extended periods without consulting a healthcare professional.
• If you have a history of allergic reactions to medications, exercise caution and seek medical advice before using Paracetamol.
• Paracetamol is not recommended for long-term pain management; consult a doctor for alternative options if pain persists.
• Keep out of reach of children, and store at room temperature away from direct sunlight.

Following are the drug interactions for Paracetamol Liquid:

• Alcohol consumption while taking Paracetamol may increase the risk of liver damage, especially with chronic, excessive alcohol use.
• Paracetamol can interact with anticoagulants like warfarin, requiring close monitoring of INR values.
• It may reduce the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and carbamazepine.
• Prolonged use with Metoclopramide may lead to reduced effectiveness of Paracetamol.
• When combined with chloramphenicol, Paracetamol's elimination half-life may be prolonged.
• Concurrent use with oral contraceptives may lead to increased levels of Paracetamol.
• The risk of hepatotoxicity may be elevated when taken with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs.

Following are the food interactions for Paracetamol Liquid:

• Grapefruit juice consumption should be limited as it can affect the metabolism of Paracetamol, potentially increasing its levels in the body.
• Alcohol intake is not recommended as it can increase the risk of liver damage, especially with prolonged or excessive use of Paracetamol.
• Caffeine-rich beverages like coffee and tea may enhance the absorption of Paracetamol, but excessive consumption should be avoided to prevent potential side effects.
• Fatty foods can slow down the absorption of Paracetamol, so it's best to take the medication on an empty stomach or with a light meal.
• Avoid high-protein diets as they can interfere with the metabolism of Paracetamol, potentially affecting its effectiveness.
• Vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits and broccoli may increase the absorption of Paracetamol, but excessive intake should be monitored to prevent any adverse effects.
• Avoid herbal supplements like St. John's Wort as they can alter the metabolism of Paracetamol, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
• Always follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, and consult them for specific dietary recommendations.

Paracetamol Liquid should be stored in a cool, dry place, ideally between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C), with excursions permitted between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C). Keep it away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture as these can degrade the medication. Store the liquid in its original container, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Always check the expiration date before use and do not use the liquid if it has expired. For disposal, do not pour it down the drain or flush it; instead, contact your pharmacist or local waste management authority for guidance on safe disposal methods. Keep the medication out of the reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

Following are the quick tips for Paracetamol Liquid:

• Administer the liquid medication as directed by your healthcare professional for effective pain relief.
• Measure the dose accurately using the measuring cup or dropper provided.
• Give the liquid to your child with a drink of water to help swallow it easily.
• Avoid giving it to your child along with other medications without consulting a doctor.
• Store the bottle in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Check the expiration date before using and discard if expired.
• Contact your healthcare provider if your child's symptoms persist or worsen.