NB NIACIN 500MG CAP (50S)

Nicotinic Acid, also known as niacin, primarily exerts its therapeutic effects through its interaction with specific receptors in the body. The primary mechanism of action involves the activation of G protein-coupled receptors, particularly the GPR109A receptor, which is expressed on various cell types, including adipocytes and immune cells. Upon binding to these receptors, nicotinic acid stimulates the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), leading to a cascade of intracellular signaling events. This activation results in the inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue, reducing the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. Additionally, nicotinic acid can improve lipid profiles by decreasing the synthesis of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the liver, thereby increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This dual action on lipid metabolism is responsible for its therapeutic benefits in managing dyslipidemia and related cardiovascular conditions.

Niacin (vitamin B3) derivative.

Capsule

The following are the uses of Nicotinic Acid Capsule:

• Used for reducing bad cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood.
• Used for treating and preventing pellagra, a vitamin deficiency disease.
• Used to improve blood circulation and reduce inflammation in blood vessels.
• Used for managing symptoms of diabetes by helping to control blood sugar levels.
• Used to support healthy skin, as it plays a role in skin cell regeneration.
• Used to enhance brain function and cognitive abilities due to its impact on neurotransmitters.
• Used for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases by improving overall lipid profile.
• Used to support energy production and metabolism within cells.

In the case of an overdose of Nicotinic Acid Capsules, individuals may experience flushing, warmth, itching, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. More severe effects can include rapid heart rate, dizziness, and potential liver damage. It is crucial to seek medical advice if an overdose is suspected, as prompt treatment can help manage these symptoms and prevent potential complications. The severity of the overdose may vary, and medical professionals should be consulted for appropriate guidance.

In the case of a missed dose of Nicotinic Acid Capsule, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare professional for advice on how to safely resume your medication regimen. It is best to take the medication at evenly spaced times to maintain consistent levels in your body.

To take the Nicotinic Acid Capsule, swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water during a meal to minimize stomach upset, usually 2 to 4 times daily or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Following are the conditions when Nicotinic Acid Capsule should not be used:

• Should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to nicotinic acid or any of its components.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease or active liver disorders.
• Not suitable for individuals with active peptic ulcer disease or bleeding disorders.
• Should not be used in patients with gout or high uric acid levels.
• Contraindicated during active phase of myocardial infarction (heart attack).
• Not recommended for individuals with poorly controlled diabetes.
• Should be avoided in patients with severe kidney disease or kidney failure.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks.

The side effects of Nicotinic Acid Capsule may include:

• Flushing or redness of the skin
• Itching or tingling sensation
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomach pain or cramps
• Diarrhea
• Increased blood sugar levels

Following are the precautions and warnings for Nicotinic Acid Capsules:

• Not suitable for individuals with a known allergy or sensitivity to nicotinic acid or related compounds.
• May cause flushing, itching, and gastrointestinal symptoms; these are usually transient and lessen with continued treatment.
• Patients with a history of liver disease should be monitored as liver function tests may be affected.
• Blood tests to monitor liver function and blood sugar levels may be required during long-term treatment.
• Use with caution in patients with diabetes as it may alter blood sugar control.
• Should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical advice, as it may have adverse effects on the fetus and infant.
• Discontinuation of the medication may be necessary if symptoms of liver damage, hyperuricemia, or hyperglycemia occur.

Following are the drug interactions for Nicotinic Acid Capsule:

• Alcohol may enhance the risk of liver toxicity when taken with nicotinic acid, and their combined use should be avoided.
• Statins, when used with nicotinic acid, may increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, requiring close monitoring of creatine kinase levels.
• Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may need dosage adjustments due to the potential blood glucose-lowering effect of nicotinic acid.
• Gemfibrozil can increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis when combined with nicotinic acid, requiring careful monitoring.
• Aspirin, when taken with nicotinic acid, may increase the risk of bleeding complications.
• Anti-seizure medications, such as carbamazepine and phenytoin, may have reduced efficacy due to nicotinic acid's potential to increase their metabolism.
• Probenecid can increase the risk of nicotinic acid toxicity by reducing its excretion, requiring dosage adjustments.

Following are the food interactions for Nicotinic Acid Capsule:

• Consuming alcohol while taking Nicotinic Acid may increase the risk of liver problems and should be avoided or limited.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can affect the metabolism of Nicotinic Acid, potentially leading to increased side effects like flushing and gastrointestinal issues.
• High-fat meals can slow down the absorption of Nicotinic Acid, potentially reducing its effectiveness. It is advisable to take the medication with a low-fat meal or on an empty stomach.
• Spicy foods may exacerbate the flushing side effect associated with Nicotinic Acid, so consider reducing spicy food intake while on this medication.
• Dairy products, especially milk, can interact with Nicotinic Acid, forming a complex that reduces the absorption of the medication. It is best to separate milk consumption from taking Nicotinic Acid by a few hours.
• Vitamin B3-rich foods like meat, fish, and whole grains can contribute to the total daily intake of Nicotinic Acid. Monitor your diet to ensure you don't exceed recommended levels.
• Sugary foods and beverages should be limited as they can impact the effectiveness of Nicotinic Acid in managing cholesterol levels.
• A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can enhance the overall benefits of Nicotinic Acid therapy by supporting cardiovascular health.

Nicotinic Acid Capsules should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. The original container should be used to keep the capsules protected and ensure their effectiveness. It is crucial not to expose the medication to excessive heat or cold, so avoid storing it in the refrigerator or leaving it in a hot car. Always check the expiration date before using the capsules, and never use them beyond this date. When disposing of unused or expired capsules, do not throw them in the trash or flush them down the toilet. Instead, follow local guidelines or consult a pharmacist for safe disposal options to protect the environment. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Nicotinic Acid Capsule:

• Take the capsule as directed by your doctor, typically with meals.
• Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water to aid in swallowing.
• Do not break, crush, or chew the capsule as it may release the medication too quickly.
• Avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication to prevent adverse effects.
• Report any signs of liver problems, such as persistent nausea or jaundice, to your doctor promptly.
• Regularly monitor your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes, as this medication can affect glucose control.
• Store the capsules in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.