Negram (250mg/5ml) 60ml Suspension

Nalidixic acid primarily targets bacterial DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase essential for DNA replication, transcription, and repair in bacteria. It acts as a competitive inhibitor, binding to the enzyme's active site and preventing it from catalyzing the breaking and rejoining of DNA strands. This binding interferes with the DNA gyrase's ability to introduce negative supercoils into DNA, which is crucial for DNA supercoiling and maintaining the structural integrity of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting DNA gyrase, nalidixic acid disrupts DNA replication and transcription, leading to bacterial cell death. This mechanism is selective for bacterial cells because DNA gyrase is not present in mammalian cells, making it an effective antibiotic against susceptible bacteria.

Quinolone antibiotic

Suspension

The following are the uses of Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension:

• Used for treating urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
• Used for its ability to inhibit the growth of certain types of bacteria, specifically targeting their DNA replication process.
• Used for effectively relieving symptoms like pain, burning sensation, and frequent urination associated with UTIs.
• Used for its broad-spectrum activity against various Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli and Proteus species.
• Used for short-term treatment, typically 5-10 days, to minimize the risk of bacterial resistance.
• Used for its effectiveness in treating acute uncomplicated cystitis in adults and children over 3 months old.
• Used for reducing the likelihood of infection recurrence when used as directed.
• Used for its good absorption and concentration in the urine, ensuring targeted treatment.

To be taken as per doctor's prescription

In the case of an overdose of Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension, immediate medical attention is necessary. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in severe cases, seizures or respiratory distress. Prompt action should be taken, such as contacting a healthcare professional or a poison control center, who can provide specific guidance based on the patient's condition and the amount ingested. Quick response and appropriate medical care are crucial to managing and minimizing the risks associated with overdosing.

In the case of a missed dose of Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance, as they may advise you to restart the medication or provide alternative instructions. It is crucial to maintain a consistent dosing routine for this medication to ensure its effectiveness.

To administer Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension, shake the bottle well, measure the prescribed dose with a dosing spoon or oral syringe, and take it orally, following the recommended dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, typically taken every 6 hours, with or without food, ensuring not to exceed the prescribed amount.

Here are the conditions or situations when Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension should not be used:

• Avoid using in individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Nalidixic Acid or other quinolone antibiotics.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures or conditions that lower the seizure threshold.
• Should not be used in patients with severe kidney impairment or kidney failure.
• Not recommended for children under 3 months of age due to potential joint and cartilage damage.
• Avoid using in pregnant women, especially during the first trimester, as it may cause harm to the developing fetus.
• Contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers, as it can pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.
• Should not be used in patients with a history of tendon disorders or those at increased risk of tendon problems.
• Not suitable for patients with myasthenia gravis, as it may exacerbate muscle weakness.

The side effects of Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Skin rashes or itching
• Sensitivity to sunlight

Following are the precautions and warnings for Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension:

• This medication should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Nalidixic Acid or other related quinolone antibiotics.
• Not recommended for children under 18 years of age as it may cause damage to growing bones and joints.
• Patients with a history of kidney or liver disease should use this medication with caution, as it is primarily eliminated through these organs.
• Avoid exposure to sunlight or UV rays, as Nalidixic Acid can increase the sensitivity of the skin to sunlight and cause severe sunburn.
• Patients may experience dizziness or drowsiness; they should avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided while taking this medication as it may increase the risk of certain side effects.
• Nalidixic Acid should be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more susceptible to its side effects.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before taking this medication, as it may have potential risks to the fetus or infant.

Following are the drug interactions for Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension:

• May decrease the effectiveness of live bacterial vaccines, so they should not be given concurrently.
• Nalidixic acid can reduce the plasma levels of antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium.
• Probenecid may decrease the renal tubular secretion of nalidixic acid, potentially increasing its concentration in the body.
• Concomitant use with theophylline may increase the risk of seizures.
• May enhance the effects of oral anticoagulants, requiring careful monitoring of prothrombin time.
• Nalidixic acid can increase the plasma concentrations of cyclosporine, a potent immunosuppressant.
• Concurrent use with other antibiotics, such as rifampin, may result in decreased efficacy of both drugs.

Following are the food interactions for Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension:

• Avoid consuming dairy products like milk, cheese, or yogurt within 2 hours before or after taking Nalidixic Acid, as calcium can decrease its absorption.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they may increase the levels of the drug in the blood, potentially leading to increased side effects.
• Alcohol intake is not recommended as it can increase the risk of side effects, particularly central nervous system (CNS) reactions like dizziness and lightheadedness.
• Avoid high-fat meals as they may delay the absorption of Nalidixic Acid, affecting its effectiveness.
• Do not consume iron supplements or multivitamins with minerals at the same time as Nalidixic Acid, as iron can interfere with its absorption.
• Vitamin K-rich foods like leafy greens may interact with Nalidixic Acid, affecting its anticoagulant properties. Consult your doctor for dietary advice.
• Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration while taking this medication.
• Always follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional for the best results.

Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension requires careful storage and disposal to ensure safety and environmental responsibility. Store it at room temperature, away from sunlight and moisture, preferably in its original container with a tight-fitting lid to maintain its integrity. Avoid extreme temperatures by keeping it away from heat sources like ovens or radiators. Always check the expiration date, and if the medication is expired or no longer needed, do not flush it or pour it down the drain. Contact your pharmacist or healthcare provider for instructions on proper disposal methods. Keep the syrup securely stored, out of children's reach, to prevent accidental consumption. Responsible storage and disposal practices are crucial for the well-being of both individuals and the environment.

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Following are the quick tips for Nalidixic Acid Syrup/Suspension:

• Consult a doctor for the correct dosage and duration; do not self-medicate.
• Ensure the prescribed dose is measured accurately using a measuring cup or syringe.
• Administer the syrup/suspension orally, and do not mix with other medications without medical advice.
• Store the medication at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture.
• Do not freeze the syrup/suspension.
• Check the expiration date before using, and discard if expired.
• Contact a healthcare professional if you experience any severe or persistent side effects.
• Inform your doctor about any other medications or supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.