Novacef (1.5g) 1 IV Injection

Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal effect by disrupting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It specifically targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for cross-linking the peptidoglycan chains in the bacterial cell wall. Cefotaxime binds to PBPs, inhibiting the transpeptidation reaction required for cell wall formation. This interference leads to the weakening of the cell wall and ultimately results in cell lysis and bacterial death. The mechanism of action is rapid and effective, making cefotaxime a potent agent against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including susceptible strains of *Escherichia coli*, *Klebsiella*, and *Proteus* species.

Cefotaxime 1.5G

Third-generation cephalosporin.

Injection

The following are the uses of Cefotaxime 1.5G injection:

• Used for treating severe bacterial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and skin or soft tissue infections.
• Used for surgical prophylaxis to prevent infections during high-risk operations.
• Used for managing bacterial infections in patients with low white blood cell counts.
• Used for treating infections in body sites with reduced blood flow, like abscesses.
• Used for the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.
• Used for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations in chronic bronchitis.
• Used for the coverage of a wide range of bacteria, including penicillin-resistant strains.
• Used for empirical therapy in febrile neutropenic patients, providing broad-spectrum coverage.

In the case of an overdose of Cefotaxime 1.5G injection, it is important to seek medical advice promptly. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, an overdose can lead to kidney damage or seizures. Treatment involves managing these symptoms and providing supportive care. It is crucial to closely monitor the patient's vital signs and administer appropriate medical interventions to prevent further complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Cefotaxime 1.5G injection, it is important to administer the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume the medication. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and timing for optimal effectiveness and to minimize the risk of bacterial resistance.

To administer Cefotaxime 1.5G injection, prepare the medication by drawing the entire 1.5 grams of the powder into a syringe and then slowly injecting it intravenously or intramuscularly over a period of 3 to 5 minutes, ensuring the injection site is disinfected and the full dose is delivered.

Here are the conditions or situations when Cefotaxime 1.5G injection should not be used:

• Avoid using if you have a known allergy to Cefotaxime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
• Do not administer if you have a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillin.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of severe or immediate hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics.
• Should not be used in individuals with severe kidney disease without adjusting the dose.
• Not recommended for patients with a history of colitis or other severe gastrointestinal disorders.
• Avoid using if you have a history of seizures or other neurological disorders.
• Contraindicated during breastfeeding as it may pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.

The side effects of Cefotaxime 1.5G injection may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Skin rash or itching
• Allergic reactions (hives, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Pain and inflammation at the injection site
• Vaginal itching or discharge
• Changes in blood cell counts
• Kidney problems

Following are the precautions and warnings for Cefotaxime 1.5G Injection:

• Avoid use in patients with known hypersensitivity to cefotaxime, other cephalosporins, or any other components of the injection.
• Use with caution in patients with a history of penicillin allergy, as cross-reactivity may occur.
• Not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment without proper dose adjustments, as the drug is primarily eliminated via the kidneys.
• Closely monitor renal function during treatment, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or elderly patients.
• May cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting; monitor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
• Use with caution in patients with gastrointestinal disease, especially colitis.
• Cefotaxime may cause an increased risk of seizures, particularly in patients with renal dysfunction or in those receiving high doses.
• Prolonged use may lead to superinfection or fungal overgrowth, requiring appropriate management if such infections occur.
• May cause false-positive results in urine glucose tests; confirm with alternative testing methods.
• Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, so it should be used strictly as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using this medication.
• Discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention if allergic reactions (such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing) occur.

Following are the drug interactions for Cefotaxime 1.5G injection:

• Probenecid slows the elimination of Cefotaxime, leading to increased blood levels and potential toxicity.
• Aminoglycosides and Cefotaxime may have synergistic effects against some bacteria, but there's an increased risk of renal toxicity.
• The combination with Metronidazole may enhance antibacterial activity but may also increase the risk of seizures.
• Nephrotoxic drugs like Furosemide or Aminoglycosides can increase the risk of kidney damage when used with Cefotaxime.
• Anticoagulants like Warfarin may have their effects enhanced, requiring close monitoring of coagulation parameters.
• Cefotaxime may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, requiring additional contraceptive measures.
• It may decrease the effectiveness of live vaccines, so live vaccines should be avoided during treatment.

Following are the food interactions to be aware of when taking Cefotaxime 1.5G injection:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects and may also impair the effectiveness of the medication.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they may affect the metabolism of Cefotaxime, potentially leading to increased drug levels and a higher risk of side effects.
• Dairy products like milk and yogurt should be spaced apart from the medication as they can decrease the absorption of Cefotaxime, reducing its effectiveness.
• High-fiber foods such as whole grains, legumes, and certain vegetables may interfere with the absorption of Cefotaxime, so it's best to take the medication at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
• Vitamin C supplements or foods rich in vitamin C may reduce the antibiotic's efficacy, so it's advisable to separate their consumption by a few hours.
• Avoid excessive consumption of sugary foods and beverages as they can promote the growth of certain bacteria and reduce the effectiveness of the antibiotic.
• Maintaining a balanced diet is important during the course of Cefotaxime treatment, ensuring adequate nutrition to support the body's recovery and overall health.
• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids to aid in the distribution and elimination of the medication.

Cefotaxime 1.5G injection should be stored in a controlled environment, specifically at room temperature between 20-25°C (68-77°F), ensuring it is protected from light and moisture. It is crucial to keep the injection in its original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures, such as in the refrigerator or near heat sources. Always check the expiration date, and do not use the injection if it has expired. For disposal, do not throw it into the trash or pour it down the drain; instead, follow local guidelines for safe pharmaceutical waste disposal or consult a healthcare professional for guidance on proper disposal methods. Keep this medication securely locked away from children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.

Following are the quick tips for Cefotaxime 1.5G injection:

• Administer the injection as directed by your doctor, usually over 3-5 minutes.
• Ensure the injection is given slowly to minimize discomfort.
• Cefotaxime is typically given 2-3 times a day, follow the prescribed schedule.
• Avoid missing doses; complete the full course as prescribed.
• Inform your doctor if you have any allergies or kidney/liver problems before using this medication.
• Do not inject if the solution is cloudy or has particles; discard it safely.
• Store the injection at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.