PALUDRINE /AVLOCLOR IMP

Chloroquine and Proguanil are antimalarial drugs that work synergistically to treat and prevent malaria. Chloroquine's primary mechanism involves interfering with the parasite's ability to metabolize and detoxify haematin, which is produced during the digestion of haemoglobin in red blood cells. This interference leads to the accumulation of toxic haematin molecules, disrupting the parasite's growth and replication. Proguanil, on the other hand, acts by inhibiting the malarial enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which is essential for the parasite's DNA synthesis and replication. By blocking this enzyme, proguanil prevents the malaria parasite from multiplying and spreading in the body. Together, these mechanisms contribute to the effectiveness of Chloroquine and Proguanil in combating malaria by targeting different stages of the parasite's life cycle.

Chloroquine, Proguanil

Antimalarial medication

Tablet

The following are the uses of Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablet:

• Used for preventing and treating malaria
• Used for controlling and managing symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus
• Used to reduce inflammation and associated pain
• Used for treating and preventing acute attacks of malaria
• Used to suppress inflammation in autoimmune conditions
• Used for preventing malaria in areas with chloroquine-sensitive strains
• Used for managing symptoms and slowing disease progression in lupus

In the case of an overdose of Chloroquine and Proguanil Tablets, symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, seizures, and cardiac complications. Prompt medical attention is necessary, and individuals should be closely monitored for any signs of toxicity. Treatment for overdose may involve managing symptoms, providing supportive care, and potentially administering specific antidotes to counteract the effects of the medication. It is crucial to seek emergency medical help immediately if an overdose is suspected.

In the case of a missed dose of Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablet, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely adjust your medication schedule. It is recommended to set reminders or use a pill organizer to help you remember to take your medication as prescribed.

To take Chloroquine and Proguanil Tablets, swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, typically starting 1-2 weeks before entering a malarial area and continuing during your stay and for 4 weeks after leaving the area.

Following are the conditions or situations when Chloroquine and Proguanil Tablet should not be used:

• Do not take if you have a known allergy or sensitivity to Chloroquine, Proguanil, or related medications.
• Contraindicated in individuals with known retinal disorders or a history of retinal changes due to similar medications.
• Should not be used in patients with severe kidney or liver disease.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of seizures or epilepsy.
• Do not use in pregnant or breastfeeding women, as it may cause harm to the developing fetus or infant.
• Avoid in children under a certain weight or age, as the dosage may not be suitable for them.
• Should not be used in patients with known heart rhythm problems or a history of heart disease.
• Contraindicated in individuals with known blood disorders or conditions affecting the bone marrow.
• Do not use if you have a history of psoriasis, as it may worsen the condition.
• Avoid in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, including depression or psychosis.

The side effects of Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablet may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain or cramps
• Dizziness or headache
• Skin rashes or itching
• Blurred vision or visual disturbances
• Muscle weakness or fatigue
• Changes in mood or sleep patterns

Following are the precautions and warnings for Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablet:

• This medication should not be used in individuals with known allergies to chloroquine, proguanil, or related compounds.
• Regular eye examinations are recommended during long-term use to monitor for any retinal changes.
• Not suitable for individuals with severe kidney or liver disease, as it may worsen their condition.
• Patients with epilepsy or other seizure disorders should use with caution, as it may lower the seizure threshold.
• May cause dizziness or blurred vision; patients should avoid driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
• Children and the elderly should exercise caution, as they may be more sensitive to the effects of this medication.
• Always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.

Following are the drug interactions for Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablet:

• Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium can reduce the absorption of Chloroquine, leading to decreased effectiveness.
• Cimetidine, a medication used to treat stomach issues, can increase Chloroquine levels in the body, potentially causing adverse effects.
• Chloroquine may enhance the effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs, requiring close monitoring during anesthesia.
• The antibiotic Azithromycin can increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects when used with Chloroquine.
• Proguanil may interact with antiepileptic drugs, potentially reducing their effectiveness.
• Rifampicin, an antibiotic, can decrease Proguanil levels, reducing its efficacy.
• Concomitant use of Chloroquine and Proguanil with other antimalarials may increase the risk of adverse reactions and should be closely monitored.

Following are the food interactions for Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablet:

• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking this medication as it may increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can inhibit the metabolism of Chloroquine, potentially leading to increased drug levels and side effects.
• Avoid high-fat meals as they may decrease the absorption of Proguanil, affecting its effectiveness.
• Caffeine intake should be monitored as Chloroquine may increase caffeine levels in the body, leading to restlessness and insomnia.
• Dairy products should be consumed in moderation as they can decrease the absorption of Chloroquine, especially when taken together.
• Ensure adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids to reduce the risk of certain side effects associated with Chloroquine.
• Avoid large or heavy meals before taking the medication to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort.
• Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice regarding specific dietary restrictions or recommendations.

Storage and disposal of Chloroquine, Proguanil Tablets are essential for safety and environmental considerations. Store the tablets in a dry and cool place, preferably at room temperature, ensuring protection from light and moisture. Keep the medication in its original container, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity. It is crucial not to expose the tablets to extreme temperatures, so avoid storage in bathrooms or near heat sources. Regularly check the expiration date, and if the medication is no longer needed or has expired, proper disposal is vital. Do not flush or pour the tablets down the drain; consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for guidance on safe disposal methods. Keep the medication securely stored away from children to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Chloroquine and Proguanil Tablets:

• Always take the tablets as directed by your doctor or pharmacist.
• Ensure you complete the full course of medication as prescribed.
• Take with food to reduce stomach upset.
• Avoid alcohol while taking these tablets.
• Stay hydrated and drink plenty of fluids.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites with insect repellent and protective clothing.
• Store the tablets in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
• Inform your doctor if you experience any vision changes or other unusual symptoms.