PAVULON 2MG 2ML INJ

Pancuronium bromide acts as a competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located in the neuromuscular junction. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors, thereby inhibiting the transmission of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles. By occupying the acetylcholine binding sites, pancuronium prevents the activation of muscle contractions, leading to muscle relaxation. This effect is rapid and results in profound skeletal muscle paralysis, which is why it is commonly used as a neuromuscular blocking agent during surgical procedures to facilitate endotracheal intubation and provide optimal surgical conditions.

Neuromuscular blocking agent.

Injection

The following are the uses of Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection:

• Used for muscle relaxation during surgery and mechanical ventilation, ensuring patient immobility.
• Used for facilitating endotracheal intubation, providing optimal conditions.
• Used for aiding in mechanical ventilation by relaxing respiratory muscles.
• Used for preventing muscle spasms and skeletal muscle rigidity.
• Used for managing severe muscle contractions and convulsions.
• Used for assisting in certain medical procedures requiring muscle paralysis.
• Used for improving surgical conditions by preventing unwanted muscle movements.

In the case of an overdose of Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection, individuals may experience severe muscle weakness, respiratory distress, and paralysis. Symptoms can rapidly progress to life-threatening levels, including difficulty breathing, shallow respiration, and potential respiratory failure. It is crucial to seek emergency medical assistance promptly, as early intervention can significantly impact the outcome. Timely treatment may involve mechanical ventilation and supportive care to manage the respiratory and muscular effects of the overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection, it is important to administer the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may lead to excessive muscle relaxation. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare professional for guidance, as they may need to adjust your dosage or monitor you for any potential side effects.

To administer Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection, it should be given intravenously (IV) under medical supervision, following the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines provided by the healthcare professional, ensuring proper handling and monitoring during the injection process.

Here are the conditions and situations when Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection should not be used:

• Must not be administered to individuals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to Pancuronium Bromide or any other similar neuromuscular blocking agents.
• Contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis, as it can worsen muscle weakness.
• Should be avoided in individuals with severe liver disease or impaired liver function.
• Not recommended for use in patients with prolonged QT syndrome or known cardiac conduction disorders.
• Must not be used in patients with untreated or uncontrolled seizures.
• Contraindicated during pregnancy, especially during labor, as it can affect fetal muscle development and breathing.
• Should be used with extreme caution in elderly patients with reduced muscle mass, as it may prolong the effects of muscle relaxation.
• Avoid using in patients with severe kidney impairment or end-stage renal disease.
• Not suitable for individuals with conditions that affect neuromuscular transmission, such as multiple sclerosis or myotonic dystrophy.

The side effects of Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection may include:

• Dry mouth
• Blurred vision or difficulty focusing
• Constipation
• Urinary retention
• Muscle weakness or paralysis
• Slowed breathing or difficulty breathing
• Allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, swelling)
• Increased heart rate or irregular heartbeat

Following are the precautions and warnings for Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection:

• This medication should be administered by trained medical professionals in a clinical setting due to its potential for severe side effects.
• Not recommended for patients with known hypersensitivity or allergies to pancuronium bromide or any other components of the injection.
• Extreme caution is necessary in patients with myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, or other neuromuscular disorders as it may exacerbate muscle weakness.
• Patients with liver or kidney disease should be monitored closely as dosage adjustments might be required.
• May cause prolonged paralysis, especially in elderly patients or those with impaired renal function, hence close monitoring is essential.
• Can lead to respiratory depression, particularly when used with other central nervous system depressants, so caution is advised.
• Should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding as the risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated by a healthcare professional.
• Store the injection at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture, and keep out of reach of children.

Following are the drug interactions for Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection:

• Co-administration with other neuromuscular blocking agents can lead to prolonged and deep muscle relaxation, requiring extended mechanical ventilation.
• The effects of pancuronium may be prolonged when used with drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as certain antifungal medications.
• Antibiotics like aminoglycosides and polymyxins can potentiate the neuromuscular blocking effects of pancuronium, requiring careful monitoring.
• Concomitant use with anesthetic agents, especially inhalational anesthetics, can result in increased sensitivity to pancuronium and prolonged paralysis.
• Drugs that prolong QT interval, such as certain antiarrhythmic medications, should be used cautiously due to potential cardiac effects.
• Pancuronium may interact with certain antihypertensive medications, causing exaggerated hypotension.
• Caution is advised when using pancuronium with potassium-depleting diuretics, as it may lead to hypokalemia and subsequent cardiac complications.

Following are the food interactions to be aware of when using Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection:

• Avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice as they can interfere with the metabolism of the drug, potentially leading to increased side effects.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided as it may enhance the sedative effects of Pancuronium Bromide, causing excessive drowsiness and impaired coordination.
• Caffeinated beverages like coffee or energy drinks might counteract the muscle-relaxant effect of the medication, reducing its efficacy.
• Fatty or greasy foods are not known to directly interact with Pancuronium Bromide, but maintaining a balanced diet is advisable for overall health.
• Spicy foods are generally safe to consume but may irritate the gastrointestinal system, especially if the patient has a sensitive stomach.
• It is advisable to maintain a consistent fluid intake to prevent dehydration, as proper hydration aids in the effective functioning of the medication.
• Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice regarding any specific dietary restrictions or adjustments needed during the course of treatment with Pancuronium Bromide.

Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection should be stored with utmost care to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Keep the injections in a cool, dry place, preferably at room temperature, away from direct exposure to sunlight, heat, or moisture. It is crucial to store them in their original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain sterility and prevent contamination. Always check the expiration date before use and discard any expired or unused injections according to local regulations. Do not flush or dispose of them in household waste; instead, follow the recommended guidelines for pharmaceutical waste disposal to minimize environmental impact. Keep this medication securely locked and out of the reach of children to prevent accidental exposure or misuse.

Following are the quick tips for Pancuronium Bromide 2MG Injection:

• Administer the injection under medical supervision for muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation.
• Ensure the injection is prepared and administered by trained medical professionals only.
• Inform your doctor about any allergies or medications you are taking.
• Do not drive or operate machinery after receiving the injection until you know how it affects you.
• Monitor vital signs closely during and after the injection to detect any adverse reactions.
• Store the injection as directed by the pharmacist, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Dispose of any unused or expired medication properly, do not flush it down the toilet.