Phenobarbitone (30mg) 100 Tablets

Phenobarbitone, a barbiturate medication, exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It binds to specific GABA receptors, particularly the GABAA receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. When Phenobarbitone binds to these receptors, it prolongs the opening of the chloride channels, leading to an increase in chloride ion influx into the neurons. This influx of chloride ions hyperpolarizes the neurons, making them less excitable and reducing their propensity to generate action potentials. As a result, Phenobarbitone suppresses neuronal activity, particularly in areas of the brain involved in seizure generation, thereby preventing the excessive and synchronized firing of neurons that characterize seizures. This mechanism underlies its effectiveness as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic medication.

Barbiturate

Tablet

The following are the uses of Phenobarbitone Tablet:

• Used for controlling seizures and calming excessive brain activity in epilepsy.
• Used as a sedative to induce relaxation and sleep, particularly in pre-operative and post-operative settings.
• Used for managing anxiety disorders, helping to reduce nervousness and tension.
• Used in the treatment of drug withdrawal symptoms, especially during alcohol withdrawal.
• Used for treating insomnia, aiding in the initiation and maintenance of sleep.
• Used to relieve migraine headaches by relaxing the central nervous system.
• Used in certain cases of neonatal seizures, as a short-term treatment option.

In the case of an overdose of Phenobarbitone Tablets, the severity of symptoms can vary. Common signs include drowsiness, confusion, and difficulty breathing. In more serious cases, individuals may experience a drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and even coma. Immediate action is required, including contacting a healthcare professional or poison control center for guidance on appropriate treatment and management to prevent potential long-term health complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Phenobarbitone Tablet, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for advice, as they may recommend adjusting your dosage or provide specific instructions to ensure you receive the correct amount of medication.

To take Phenobarbitone Tablets, swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water, preferably at the same time each day, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, ensuring you do not exceed the prescribed amount.

Here are the conditions or situations when Phenobarbitone Tablet should not be used:

• Avoid using Phenobarbitone if you have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to barbiturates or any of the excipients in the tablet formulation.
• Do not take this medication if you have acute intermittent porphyria, a rare metabolic disorder.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe respiratory depression or severe respiratory conditions.
• Should not be used in patients with severe liver impairment or acute liver failure.
• Avoid using Phenobarbitone if you have a history of severe kidney disease or acute kidney injury.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of severe anemia or blood disorders.
• Do not administer in cases of severe hypotension or shock.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of severe drug-induced skin reactions or Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
• Should not be used as a sedative in patients with depression or suicidal tendencies.

The side effects of Phenobarbitone Tablet may include:

• Drowsiness or sedation
• Dizziness
• Impaired coordination and balance
• Confusion or disorientation
• Allergic reactions (skin rash, itching)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased excitement or irritability in children
• Dependency or tolerance with long-term use

Following are the precautions and warnings for Phenobarbitone Tablets:

• This medication should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to barbiturates or any of the tablet's components.
• Phenobarbitone can cause sedation and impair cognitive and motor skills; patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness like driving or operating machinery.
• Caution is advised in patients with liver or kidney impairment, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants should be avoided while taking Phenobarbitone, as they can enhance the sedative effects.
• Long-term use of Phenobarbitone may lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the central nervous system effects and should be closely monitored.
• Regular monitoring of liver function and blood counts is recommended during prolonged treatment.

Following are the drug interactions for Phenobarbitone Tablets:

• Alcohol and other CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids) can increase the sedative effects, leading to respiratory depression and impaired motor skills.
• Phenytoin levels may be decreased, potentially reducing its effectiveness in epilepsy management.
• May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives, leading to breakthrough bleeding and increased risk of unintended pregnancy.
• Can increase the metabolism of corticosteroids, reducing their effectiveness in treating inflammation.
• Anticoagulants like warfarin may have their effects reduced, requiring careful monitoring of coagulation parameters.
• The effectiveness of doxycycline, an antibiotic, may be decreased due to decreased absorption.
• May decrease the plasma levels of azole antifungals, potentially leading to treatment failure.

Following are the food interactions to be aware of when taking Phenobarbitone Tablets:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the sedative effects, leading to enhanced drowsiness and impaired coordination.
• Grapefruit and its juice should be consumed with caution as they may alter the drug's metabolism, potentially increasing Phenobarbitone levels in the body.
• High-fat meals may slightly delay the absorption of Phenobarbitone, but this effect is generally not clinically significant.
• Caffeine intake should be monitored as it can potentially decrease the seizure threshold, especially in patients with epilepsy.
• Vitamin D levels may be affected by long-term use of Phenobarbitone, so vitamin D-rich foods or supplements might be recommended.
• Foods rich in vitamin K, like leafy greens, should be consumed consistently as Phenobarbitone can interfere with vitamin K metabolism, affecting blood clotting.
• Salt substitutes containing potassium should be used cautiously as Phenobarbitone can affect potassium levels in the body.
• No significant interactions with specific foods have been reported, but maintaining a balanced diet is essential for overall health while taking Phenobarbitone.

Phenobarbitone Tablets should be stored in a secure and dry location, preferably in a medicine cabinet or designated storage area, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and extreme temperatures. Keep the tablets in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to store them in bathrooms or kitchens, as these areas may expose the medication to heat and humidity. Regularly check the expiration date, and if the tablets have passed their expiry, do not use them and dispose of them safely. Proper disposal methods are essential; do not flush the tablets down the toilet or pour them into a drain. Contact your local pharmacist or healthcare provider for guidance on appropriate disposal practices to ensure environmental safety. Keep the medication out of children's reach to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Phenobarbitone Tablet:

• Ensure you take the tablet as directed by your doctor or pharmacist.
• Take the tablet with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach.
• Avoid alcohol consumption while using this medication as it can intensify side effects.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to prevent potential drug interactions.
• Do not stop taking the medication abruptly; follow your doctor's instructions for tapering the dose.
• Store the tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and light.
• Regularly monitor your blood levels and liver function while on this medication.