POFOL INJ 200MG/20ML

Propofol's mechanism of action primarily involves its interaction with GABA receptors in the brain, leading to enhanced inhibitory neurotransmission. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening. This heightened chloride conductance results in hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes, thereby inhibiting neuronal excitability. Propofol's effect on GABAergic transmission is believed to be responsible for its rapid induction of anesthesia, sedation, and loss of consciousness. Additionally, it may also exert its effects on other receptors, such as glutamate and serotonin receptors, contributing to its overall anesthetic and sedative properties. The drug's ability to modulate neuronal activity makes it a highly effective agent for inducing and maintaining anesthesia during medical procedures.

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Propofol

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Sedative-Hypnotic.

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Injection

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The following are the uses of Propofol Injection:

• Used for inducing and maintaining anesthesia during surgery or medical procedures.
• Used for sedation in intensive care settings, ensuring patient comfort and cooperation.
• Used for procedural sedation, allowing patients to relax during minor surgical or diagnostic procedures.
• Used for managing seizures in certain critical situations, as it can rapidly induce a calm state.
• Used for facilitating mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients by ensuring patient comfort and synchrony with the ventilator.
• Used for treating status epilepticus (prolonged seizures) in emergency settings, providing rapid control.
• Used for managing severe agitation or delirium in intensive care, helping to calm and protect patients.
• Used for rapid sequence induction in emergency surgeries, ensuring quick and smooth induction of anesthesia.

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In the case of an overdose of Propofol Injection, the severity of symptoms can vary depending on the amount ingested. Overdose may lead to profound respiratory depression, which can result in apnea, a potentially life-threatening condition. Other symptoms include hypotension, arrhythmias, and central nervous system depression. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to manage these effects, emphasizing the importance of seeking emergency care if an overdose is suspected.

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In the case of a missed dose of Propofol Injection, it is important to understand that this medication is typically administered in a controlled medical setting. If a scheduled dose is missed, it is crucial to inform your healthcare provider promptly. They will determine the appropriate course of action, which may involve adjusting the timing of subsequent doses to ensure the treatment remains effective and safe. Do not attempt to self-administer or make up for a missed dose without medical guidance.

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To administer Propofol Injection, ensure it is administered by a trained healthcare professional, who will inject it slowly into a vein using a syringe, following the prescribed dosage and rate of administration provided by the physician's instructions or the hospital's protocol.

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Following are the conditions/situations when Propofol Injection should not be used:

• Must not be administered to individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Propofol or any of its excipients.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe respiratory instability or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
• Should not be used in patients with severe cardiovascular disease or unstable cardiac conditions.
• Not recommended for individuals with severe liver impairment or active liver disease.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to egg products, soybean oil, or egg lecithin, as Propofol may contain these components.
• Should not be used as a painkiller for chronic pain management.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe hypotension (low blood pressure) as it can further lower blood pressure.
• Not suitable for long-term sedation in the ICU, as prolonged use may lead to cumulative effects and potential complications.

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The side effects of Propofol Injection may include:

• Pain, burning, or stinging at the injection site.
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Apnea (temporary cessation of breathing)
• Coughing or breath-holding
• Skin reactions such as itching, rash, or hives
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis
• Injection site reactions like swelling, redness, or tenderness

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Following are the precautions and warnings for Propofol Injection:

• Propofol should only be administered by trained healthcare professionals in a fully equipped and monitored setting due to the risk of respiratory depression and other serious side effects.
• Not recommended for patients with known allergies to eggs, soybeans, or peanuts as it may contain traces of these allergens.
• Caution is advised in patients with compromised cardiovascular function, as Propofol can cause hypotension and bradycardia.
• Propofol should be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more susceptible to its side effects, including respiratory depression and hypotension.
• Patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy should be closely monitored, as Propofol may lower the seizure threshold.
• Not recommended for long-term use, as it may lead to the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.
• Patients should be informed about the potential risks and benefits, and their informed consent should be obtained before administering Propofol.

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Following are the drug interactions for Propofol Injection:

• Concomitant use with opioids, benzodiazepines, or other central nervous system depressants can lead to enhanced respiratory depression, hypotension, and profound sedation.
• May decrease the effectiveness of anticonvulsant medications, potentially lowering the seizure threshold.
• Propofol may reduce blood pressure, and when combined with antihypertensive drugs, it can cause excessive hypotension.
• Interactions with local anesthetics may result in increased cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity.
• Neuromuscular blocking agents, when used together, can prolong neuromuscular blockade.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can intensify the sedative effects of propofol.
• The metabolism of Propofol can be affected by drugs that induce or inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially altering its duration of action.

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Following are the food interactions for Propofol Injection:

• Propofol should be used with caution in patients who have recently consumed alcohol as it can enhance the sedative effects, leading to an increased risk of respiratory depression.
• Fasting is recommended before the administration of Propofol as a full stomach may increase the risk of aspiration during sedation.
• Grapefruit juice should be avoided as it may alter the metabolism of Propofol, potentially affecting its sedative effects.
• High-fat meals can delay the onset of action of Propofol, leading to unpredictable sedation times.
• Caffeine-containing beverages should be limited as they may counteract the sedative effects of Propofol, making it less effective.
• Spicy foods might cause stomach irritation and may not be advisable before Propofol administration.
• It is advisable to follow healthcare provider's instructions regarding any dietary restrictions or recommendations specific to your medical condition.

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Propofol Injection should be stored and disposed of with care to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Store the injection in a controlled room temperature environment, away from excessive heat or direct sunlight, and protect it from freezing. Keep the vials in their original packaging until use to maintain sterility. Once opened, unused Propofol should be discarded promptly to minimize the risk of contamination. Do not reuse or re-sterilize the vials. Dispose of any unused or expired medication according to local regulations and guidelines; do not pour it down the drain or dispose of it in regular trash. It is crucial to follow these storage and disposal instructions to maintain the integrity of the medication and prevent any potential harm.

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Following are the quick tips for Propofol Injection:

• Administer under close medical supervision in an appropriately equipped setting.
• Ensure patient's airway is protected and maintained during and after administration.
• Slow injection rates are recommended to minimize pain and adverse effects.
• Monitor vital signs continuously during and after injection.
• Adjust dosage based on patient response and clinical assessment.
• Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.
• Do not use if the solution contains particles or discoloration.

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