Schazobutol-H (400/150mg) 100 Tablets

Ethambutol primarily interferes with the synthesis of arabinogalactan, a key component of the cell wall in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It inhibits the enzyme arabinosyl transferase, which is crucial for the formation of arabinogalactan chains, ultimately disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and inhibiting bacterial growth. Isoniazid, on the other hand, acts by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall. It specifically targets the enzyme enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA), which is involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids, including mycolic acids. Inhibition of InhA leads to the disruption of mycolic acid production, compromising the structure and permeability of the cell wall, resulting in bacterial cell lysis and death.

Ethambutol, Isoniazid

Antituberculosis combination.

Tablet

The following are the uses of Ethambutol, Isoniazid Tablet:

• Used for treating tuberculosis (TB), a severe bacterial infection.
• Used for stopping the growth of TB bacteria and preventing the infection from spreading.
• Used for curing active pulmonary TB, a form of TB affecting the lungs.
• Used for improving symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
• Used for preventing the development of multi-drug resistant TB strains.
• Used for reducing the risk of TB transmission to others during treatment.
• Used for managing latent TB infection, where the bacteria are present but not causing symptoms.
• Used for part of a combination therapy approach for effective TB treatment.

In the case of an overdose of Ethambutol and Isoniazid Tablets, individuals may experience a range of symptoms. These can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and visual disturbances such as blurred or altered vision. Other possible effects are dizziness, headache, and skin reactions like rashes or itching. Prompt medical intervention is necessary, as severe cases may lead to more critical complications affecting the nervous system and other vital organs.

In the case of a missed dose of Ethambutol, it is recommended to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. For Isoniazid Tablet, if you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Avoid taking extra medicine to make up for a missed dose.

To take the Ethambutol and Isoniazid Tablet, swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach, following the prescribed dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider, typically once or twice daily, to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of the medication.

Following are the conditions/situations when Ethambutol and Isoniazid Tablet should not be used:

• Should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to either Ethambutol or Isoniazid or any other similar drugs.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe kidney disease or those on dialysis.
• Not suitable for individuals with optic neuritis or any eye conditions affecting the optic nerve.
• Should be avoided in patients with severe liver disease or those who have had recent liver damage or hepatitis.
• Not recommended for children under 5 years of age due to the risk of optic nerve damage.
• Should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it may cause harm to the fetus or infant.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures or conditions that increase the risk of seizures, as Isoniazid can lower the seizure threshold.
• Should be used with caution in individuals with a history of alcohol abuse or liver disease related to alcohol consumption.

The side effects of Ethambutol and Isoniazid Tablet may include:

• Visual disturbances, such as blurred or changed color vision.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Loss of appetite.
• Stomach pain and discomfort.
• Skin rashes or itching.
• Peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling in hands and feet).
• Joint pain and muscle aches.
• Fever.

Following are the precautions and warnings for Ethambutol, Isoniazid Tablet:

• Patients with a history of optic neuritis or other eye disorders should be closely monitored as this medication can affect vision.
• Regular eye examinations are necessary during treatment to detect any changes in visual acuity.
• Patients with kidney impairment or a history of kidney problems should be cautious and may require dosage adjustments.
• Liver function tests are recommended during treatment, especially for those with pre-existing liver conditions.
• Patients should be aware of the potential for peripheral neuropathy and report any symptoms like tingling or numbness.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may worsen certain side effects.
• This medication should be used with caution in elderly patients as they may be more susceptible to adverse effects.
• Patients should complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

Following are the drug interactions for Ethambutol, Isoniazid Tablet:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may increase the risk of liver toxicity.
• Ethambutol may decrease the effectiveness of live vaccines, so vaccination schedules may need adjustment.
• Isoniazid can increase the effects of anticoagulants like warfarin, leading to bleeding risks.
• The effectiveness of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) may be reduced by isoniazid, potentially causing vitamin B6 deficiency.
• The use of isoniazid with other hepatotoxic drugs (e.g., acetaminophen) may increase liver-related side effects.
• Ethambutol can interfere with the absorption of aluminum-containing antacids, reducing its effectiveness.
• Isoniazid may lower blood sugar levels, so monitoring is necessary when used with antidiabetic medications.
• It may also interact with anticonvulsants, increasing the risk of seizures.

Following are the food interactions for Ethambutol, Isoniazid Tablet:

• Avoid excessive amounts of tyramine-rich foods like aged cheeses, cured meats, and certain types of beer, as these can interact with the medication and increase blood pressure.
• Limit caffeine intake from coffee, tea, and energy drinks, as it can increase the risk of side effects such as nervousness and insomnia.
• Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided, as it can enhance the risk of liver-related side effects and increase the potential for toxicity.
• Ensure an adequate protein intake, as these medications can affect protein metabolism and may require additional protein in the diet.
• Maintain a balanced diet with a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support overall health and ensure the medication's effectiveness.
• Avoid high-fat meals as they may affect the absorption of the medication.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, to support kidney function while taking these medications.

Ethambutol and Isoniazid Tablets should be stored in a cool, dry area, preferably at room temperature, ensuring protection from light and moisture. It is crucial to keep the tablets in their original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity. Avoid exposing the medication to extreme temperatures, including heat sources like radiators or stoves, as this can compromise its effectiveness. Always adhere to the expiration date on the packaging, and dispose of any unused or expired tablets responsibly. Do not dispose of them in household waste or down the drain; instead, consult your pharmacist for guidance on proper disposal methods. Keep the medication securely stored away from children to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for Ethambutol, Isoniazid Tablet:

• Consult your doctor before starting the medication for personalized advice.
• Ensure you complete the full course as prescribed, even if you feel better early on.
• Take the tablets with a full glass of water for easy swallowing.
• Avoid crushing or chewing the tablets; swallow them whole for optimal absorption.
• Maintain a consistent daily routine for taking your medication.
• Inform your doctor about any other medications you're taking to prevent potential interactions.
• Regular eye exams are essential while on Ethambutol to monitor for any vision changes.
• Store the medication in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.