TA ISOPTIN 2ML INJ

Verapamil injection works primarily by inhibiting calcium channels in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells. It selectively blocks L-type calcium channels, which play a crucial role in regulating calcium influx during electrical signaling. By reducing calcium entry into these cells, verapamil decreases cardiac contractility, slows conduction through the atrioventricular node, and causes peripheral vasodilation. This mechanism leads to a decrease in heart rate, reduced myocardial oxygen demand, and improved blood flow to the heart, thereby alleviating angina and managing certain arrhythmias. The calcium channel-blocking action of verapamil also contributes to its ability to lower blood pressure by promoting smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels.

Calcium channel blocker.

Injection

The following are the uses of Verapamil Injection:

• Used for managing certain heart rhythm disorders, particularly supraventricular tachycardia, to restore a regular heart rhythm.
• Used for treating high blood pressure (hypertension) when oral medications are not sufficient or in emergency situations.
• Used for controlling angina (chest pain) in patients with certain types of heart disease, such as Prinzmetal's angina.
• Used for preventing and treating narrow-angle glaucoma by reducing pressure within the eye.
• Used for treating and preventing migraine headaches in specific clinical scenarios.
• Used for treating cluster headaches as a second-line treatment option.
• Used for improving blood flow in conditions like Raynaud's phenomenon, where blood vessels in the fingers and toes spasm and reduce blood circulation.

In the case of an overdose of Verapamil Injection, it is crucial to act promptly. The immediate effects may include severe hypotension, bradycardia, and even cardiac arrest. Other symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision can occur. Emergency treatment should focus on stabilizing cardiovascular function, with possible interventions including intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and cardiac monitoring. Prompt medical intervention is vital to manage the potentially life-threatening consequences of a Verapamil Injection overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Verapamil Injection, it is important to act promptly. If you remember within a short time of the missed dose, administer the injection as soon as possible. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you frequently miss doses, it is advisable to set reminders or use a medication organizer to help you stay on track. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions regarding missed doses.

To administer Verapamil Injection, prepare the injection by drawing the medication into a syringe, then locate a suitable injection site, clean the area with an alcohol swab, and carefully inject the medication into the selected site, following the prescribed dosage and administration instructions provided by your healthcare professional.

Here are the circumstances where Verapamil Injection is contraindicated:

• Must not be administered to patients with known hypersensitivity or allergy to Verapamil or other related calcium channel blockers.
• Not suitable for patients with severe hypotension (very low blood pressure).
• Contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock, which is a critical condition where the heart suddenly can't pump enough blood.
• Should not be used in patients with sick sinus syndrome, a type of heart rhythm problem.
• Avoid using in patients with second or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, a type of heart block.
• Not recommended for patients with severe aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve in the heart.
• Contraindicated during breastfeeding as it may pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.

The side effects of Verapamil Injection may include:

• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Headache
• Constipation
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue or weakness
• Skin rashes or itching
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Verapamil Injection:

• Verapamil should be used with caution in patients with impaired liver function, as it is metabolized by the liver and may require dosage adjustments.
• It is crucial to monitor blood pressure during treatment, especially in patients with hypertension, as Verapamil can cause hypotension.
• This drug may affect heart rhythm, so caution is advised in patients with pre-existing heart conditions, and ECG monitoring may be necessary.
• Patients with severe heart failure should use Verapamil with caution, as it can worsen the condition.
• Verapamil may interact with other medications, including beta-blockers, digoxin, and certain antibiotics, so healthcare professionals should review all medications before administration.
• Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of Verapamil, requiring careful monitoring and dosage adjustments.
• Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome should avoid Verapamil, as it can increase the risk of arrhythmias.

Following are the drug interactions for Verapamil Injection:

• Beta-blockers, such as metoprolol or propranolol, can have additive effects on heart rate and blood pressure, requiring close monitoring.
• Digoxin levels may increase with Verapamil, so monitoring digoxin concentrations is necessary to prevent toxicity.
• Anticonvulsants like phenytoin or carbamazepine may have their blood levels affected by Verapamil, potentially requiring dose adjustments.
• The effects of Verapamil and other calcium channel blockers can be additive, leading to excessive hypotension.
• Rifampin may decrease Verapamil levels, reducing its effectiveness.
• Verapamil can increase the concentration of certain benzodiazepines, enhancing their effects.
• Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin) can increase Verapamil levels, necessitating dosage adjustments.

Following are the food interactions to consider with Verapamil Injection:

• Avoid consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice as they can significantly increase Verapamil levels in the blood by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, potentially leading to increased side effects, especially cardiovascular complications.
• Refrain from alcohol consumption while using Verapamil, as it can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of adverse effects like dizziness and drowsiness.
• Dairy products like milk and yogurt can decrease the absorption of Verapamil, so it is advisable to separate them by a few hours to ensure optimal drug absorption.
• High-fiber foods, such as whole grains and legumes, may decrease the absorption of Verapamil. It is recommended to maintain a consistent fiber intake to manage Verapamil levels effectively.
• Avoid large amounts of green leafy vegetables rich in vitamin K, as Verapamil can interfere with blood clotting, and vitamin K plays a role in this process.
• Limit the consumption of foods high in sodium and potassium, as Verapamil can affect their balance in the body, especially in individuals with kidney issues.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any herbal supplements or teas you consume, as some may interact with Verapamil, including St. John's Wort and ginkgo biloba.
• Always adhere to the instructions provided by your healthcare professional regarding dietary considerations and medication use.

Verapamil Injection should be stored and disposed of carefully to ensure its integrity and safety. Store the injection at room temperature, preferably between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C), in a dry place away from light and moisture. Do not freeze the medication as it may affect its potency. Always keep it in its original packaging to maintain sterility and protect it from external contaminants. When disposing of Verapamil Injection, do not throw it into the trash or flush it down the toilet. Contact your pharmacist or healthcare provider for guidance on proper disposal methods, which may include take-back programs or specific guidelines for pharmaceutical waste disposal. Keep this medication out of the reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure, as it can be harmful if ingested accidentally.

Following are the quick tips for Verapamil Injection:

• Verapamil injection should be administered by trained medical professionals only.
• Ensure the injection site is clean and disinfected before administering the medication.
• Inject the medication slowly as directed, usually over a period of 2-3 minutes.
• Monitor vital signs during and after the injection, especially heart rate and blood pressure.
• Avoid rapid injection to prevent adverse effects on blood pressure.
• Store the injection at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Do not use if the solution appears discolored or contains particles.