TA KAYEXALATE 15G

Sodium polystyrene sulfate (SPS), also known as sodium polystyrene sulfonate, is a cation exchange resin that acts primarily in the gastrointestinal tract. Its mechanism of action involves binding to positively charged ions, such as potassium and calcium, in the gut through an ion-exchange process. The negatively charged functional groups on the polystyrene matrix of SPS attract and retain these cations, reducing their absorption into the bloodstream. This ion-exchange process helps to remove excess potassium or calcium from the body, making SPS useful in the management of hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia. By selectively binding to these ions, SPS helps to maintain electrolyte balance and can be used to treat conditions where potassium or calcium levels need to be controlled.

Laxative

powder

The following are the uses of Sodium polystyere sulfate 0:

• Used for its emulsifying and dispersing properties in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, and skincare items.
• Used as a suspending agent to keep solid particles evenly distributed in liquid formulations, ensuring product stability.
• Used in the pharmaceutical industry to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of certain drugs, aiding in the development of effective medications.
• Used in the production of latex products, including paints and adhesives, to improve stability and prevent sedimentation.
• Used for its thickening properties, allowing manufacturers to control the viscosity of various solutions and formulations.
• Used in the textile industry as a leveling agent, ensuring consistent dyeing and printing on fabrics.
• Used as a clarifying agent in water treatment processes to remove impurities and improve water quality.

In the case of an overdose of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate, immediate medical attention is necessary. Symptoms may include gastrointestinal distress, electrolyte imbalances, and potential kidney complications. Treatment involves supportive care, monitoring vital signs, and managing any resulting imbalances. It is crucial to seek medical assistance promptly to ensure appropriate intervention and prevent potential long-term effects. Prompt action can significantly contribute to a more positive outcome.

In the case of a missed dose of Sodium polystyrene sulfate, it is generally recommended to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication regimen. It is important to maintain consistency with this medication, but don't worry if you miss a dose occasionally.

To take Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate 0, mix the prescribed amount of powder with water or juice as directed by your healthcare provider, stir well until completely dissolved, and consume the entire mixture by drinking it immediately after preparation.

Following are the conditions/situations when Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate should not be used:

• Avoid using in individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate or any of its excipients.
• Not suitable for patients with bowel obstruction or severe constipation.
• Contraindicated in patients with severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Should not be used in individuals with severe dehydration or those who are unable to maintain adequate hydration.
• Avoid using in patients with a history of bowel perforation or those at high risk of perforation.
• Not recommended for individuals with high levels of blood cholesterol or triglycerides.
• Should not be administered to patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to sulfonamides, as it contains a sulfonate group.
• Contraindicated in patients with hypokalemia (low potassium levels) or those taking medications that can lower potassium levels.
• Not suitable for long-term use in individuals with kidney disease or those at risk of kidney damage.

The side effects of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate may include:

• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Loss of appetite
• Allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, or swelling)
• Electrolyte imbalances (low levels of potassium, magnesium, or sodium)
• Bowel obstruction (in rare cases)

Following are the precautions and warnings:

• Sodium polystyrene sulfate should be used with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal diseases, as it may cause irritation or worsen existing conditions.
• Not recommended for individuals with phenylketonuria, as some formulations may contain phenylalanine.
• Patients with high blood pressure should be monitored as this medication may cause sodium retention.
• Avoid using in patients with impaired kidney function, as it may lead to electrolyte imbalances.
• Do not administer to patients with a known allergy to sodium polystyrene sulfate or any of its excipients.
• May cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, especially with prolonged use; regular monitoring is necessary.
• This medication can interact with other drugs, including laxatives and diuretics, so it is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.
• Always follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment; do not exceed the recommended dose.

Following are the drug interactions for Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate:

• When taken with lithium, it may lead to reduced lithium clearance, increasing the risk of lithium toxicity.
• It can decrease the absorption of many other drugs, including digoxin, warfarin, and phenytoin, potentially reducing their effectiveness.
• Sodium polystyrene sulfate should not be taken with oral drugs that require a more acidic environment for absorption, such as fluoroquinolones and azole antifungals.
• The absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) may be reduced, leading to potential deficiencies.
• May interact with diuretics, particularly thiazide diuretics, increasing the risk of electrolyte imbalances.
• Drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, such as anticholinergics, may affect the distribution and effectiveness of sodium polystyrene sulfate.
• Taking sodium polystyrene sulfate with other medications that bind to bile acids, such as cholestyramine, may reduce the effectiveness of both drugs.

Following are the food interactions for Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate:

• Avoid consuming foods high in mineral oil, as it can bind to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate and reduce its effectiveness in binding with certain substances in the body.
• Avoid consuming foods rich in sorbitol and lactulose, as they can affect the balance of electrolytes in the body, particularly potassium levels, when taken with this medication.
• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate may bind to certain vitamins and minerals, so it's advisable to maintain a balanced diet and ensure adequate nutrient intake.
• Avoid excessive consumption of high-fat meals, as this medication is primarily intended for binding with dietary fat to aid in its elimination.
• Limit the intake of foods rich in phosphorus, such as meat, dairy, and nuts, as this medication can bind to phosphorus, leading to potential deficiencies.
• Ensure adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, to prevent constipation, which can be a side effect of this medication.
• Avoid consuming foods or drinks with a high sugar content, as this medication may affect blood sugar levels, and managing sugar intake is essential for overall health.
• Follow dietary recommendations provided by your healthcare provider, especially if you have specific dietary restrictions or health conditions that require a tailored diet plan.

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate should be stored carefully in a cool and dry environment, ideally at room temperature, ensuring protection from direct sunlight and moisture. The original packaging should be tightly sealed to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid exposing the medication to heat sources like stoves or radiators, as temperature fluctuations can impact its effectiveness. Dispose of any unused or expired medication responsibly; do not flush or pour it down the drain. Consult your pharmacist for safe disposal methods, and keep it out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion. Proper storage and disposal are crucial for maintaining the medication's quality and safety.

Following are the quick tips for Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate:

• Consult your healthcare provider for the correct dosage and usage instructions.
• Mix the powder with water as directed, ensuring it dissolves completely before consumption.
• Drink plenty of water throughout the day to prevent constipation.
• Avoid taking this medication with other medications or supplements without medical advice.
• Inform your doctor about any other health conditions or medications you are taking.
• Do not take Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate if you have difficulty swallowing or have a gastrointestinal obstruction.
• Store the medication in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Always read the patient information leaflet provided with the medication for detailed guidance.