Tonoflex SR (100mg) 10 Tablets

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system. It binds to mu-opioid receptors and serotonin (5-HT1A) receptors, providing analgesic and antidepressant effects, respectively. Tramadol also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, although the role of this action in its analgesia is not well understood. In animal models, tramadol also inhibits dopamine reuptake. In animal studies, tramadol has been shown to be as effective as morphine for analgesia and has the additional benefit of preventing tolerance and physical dependence when used with morphine. The variable combination of opioid and monoaminergic effects accounts for its analgesic activity. At lower doses, tramadol works predominantly via the serotonin system, with a rapid onset of action within 1 hour. Blockade of serotonin transporters and increased serotonergic activity likely account for its anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects. At higher doses, typically associated with acute pain management, tramadol acts as a weak opioid agonist, providing analgesia through both peripheral and central opioid receptors in the nervous system. Overall, tramadol's analgesic effect is due to a combination of opioid and serotonin activity, making it a useful drug for analgesia with additional antidepressant effects.

Narcotic Opioid

Unveiling its multifaceted uses and transformative applications as follows:

• Relief of moderate to severe pain
• Pain killer and relaxant
• Treats long-lasting pain
• Helps ease anxiety in adults
• Controlled substance may cause addiction or dependence (PVC only)

Tailoring Treatment for Optimal Health, Prescribed Medication Dosage is:

• For analgesia (pain relief), the usual adult dose of Tramadol hydrochloride 100mg is one to two 100mg capsules every 4-6 hours, as needed.
• The maximum daily dose is 400mg. Take on an empty stomach, with a large glass of water, and avoid alcohol and grapefruit juice.
• For osteoarthritis- 50mg three times a day initially, increasing to 100mg three times a day (300mg/day)
• For rheumatoid arthritis- 100mg three times a day initially, increasing to 200mg three times a day (600mg/day)

Tramadol is a powerful pain reliever that carries the risk of overdose, especially if consumed in excess. Overdose symptoms may include constipation, weakness, slowed breathing and heart rate, decreased alertness, blue lips or nails, and persistent vomiting. However, it's important to recognize that tramadol overdose is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment by trained professionals.

If you forget to take Tramadol Hydrochloride 100mg, take the missed dose as soon as you can. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, don't take the missed dose. Just continue with your regular dosing schedule. Doubling up or taking extra doses to make up for the missed one may result in an overdose. It's important to follow your physician or pharmacist's dosing instructions and take Tramadol Hydrochloride 100mg consistently, with or without food, as advised. If you have any concerns or questions about the missed dose, contact your physician or pharmacist.

Before taking Tramadol Hydrochloride 100mg, it is important to understand the potential risks and side effects of this powerful painkiller. Taking it correctly as advised by your physician is essential. Here are some guidelines to follow:

Discerning instances where this medication may not be appropriate:

• You are allergic to tramadol or any of the inactive ingredients in the medication. Allergic reactions can be life-threatening.
• You have asthma or other breathing problems.
• You have a stomach or intestinal disorder, including disorders involving blockage of the stomach or intestines. This also includes disorders wherein the stomach empties slowly or when the intestines are not able to absorb nutrients from food (known as paralytic ileus).
• You have a head injury or a tumor or any condition that increases the pressure in your brain.
• You have a history of mental illness or suicidal thoughts.
• You are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Tramadol is considered unsafe for use during pregnancy due to an increased risk of birth defects and withdrawal symptoms in the fetus.
• You are breastfeeding as Tramadol can pass into breastmilk and harm the baby.
• You have severe or uncontrolled depression, or a history of drug abuse or addiction.
• You have kidney disease or kidney failure.
• You have liver disease or liver failure.
• You require complete alertness as Tramadol hydrochloride 100mg can cause drowsiness and dizziness.

Unraveling the side effects lurking behind this medications are as follows:

• Constipation
• Dizziness
• Dry mouth
• Sweating
• Urinary retention
• Blurred vision
• Hallucination
• Vertigo
• Sleepiness

The warnings and precautions for Tramadol are:

• Patient with history of epilepsy or those with susceptibility to seizures (e.g., alcohol or drug withdrawal, metabolic disorders, CNS infection, malignancy)
• Head injury, intracranial lesions, increased intracranial pressure
• Mental health conditions (e.g., anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder)
• Hypovolaemia
• CV disease (e.g., acute MI)
• Acute abdominal conditions
• Adrenal insufficiency (e.g., Addison's disease)
• Delirium tremens, toxic psychosis
• Prostatic hyperplasia and/or urinary stricture
• Significant COPD or cor pulmonale
• Substantially decreased respiratory reserve
• Hypoxia, hypercapnia, pre-existing respiratory depression
• Thyroid dysfunction
• Biliary tract disease (including acute pancreatitis)
• History of drug abuse or acute alcoholism
• Morbidly obese, cachectic, or debilitated patients
• Avoid use in suicidal patients and in patients with circulatory shock, impaired consciousness or coma
• Not recommended in children in whom respiratory function may be compromised (e.g., neuromuscular disorders, upper respiratory or lung infections, multiple trauma or extensive surgical procedures)
• Not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min)
• Avoid abrupt withdrawal following prolonged use
• Renal and hepatic impairment
• Children ≥12 years (particularly when used for post-operative pain relief) and elderly
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Concomitant use with other serotonergic agents, CNS depressant drugs
• CYP3A4 inducers and CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 inhibitors

The drug interactions with tramadol include:

• CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol) – Can enhance CNS depressant effects.
• MAO Inhibitors – Can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.

For Tramadol, food interactions that should be considered are:

• Taking with food can help reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.

Tramadol hydrochloride tablets are prescription painkillers that require safe and secure storage. Here are some storage tips to consider: