URIBEN TAB

Nalidixic acid, a synthetic quinolone antibiotic, exerts its bactericidal effect by targeting bacterial DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase essential for DNA replication, transcription, and repair. By binding to the enzyme's active site, nalidixic acid inhibits the ATPase activity of DNA gyrase, preventing the relaxation of supercoiled DNA and halting bacterial cell division. This interference with DNA gyrase leads to double-stranded DNA breaks and cell death. The specificity of nalidixic acid for bacterial DNA gyrase over eukaryotic topoisomerases contributes to its selective toxicity toward bacterial cells.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

Tablet

The following are the uses of Nalidixic Acid Tablet:

• Used for treating urinary tract infections caused by specific bacteria.
• Used for targeting and inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria.
• Used for addressing lower urinary tract infections like cystitis.
• Used for treating kidney and bladder infections.
• Used for alleviating symptoms such as pain, burning, and frequent urination.
• Used for completing the full course of treatment to ensure effectiveness.
• Used for following dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional.
• Used for seeking medical advice for proper use and potential side effects.

In the case of an overdose of Nalidixic Acid Tablets, several symptoms may occur, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Overdose can also lead to more severe effects on the nervous system, such as seizures and dizziness. It is crucial to seek medical assistance promptly, as healthcare professionals may administer specific treatments to mitigate the impact of the overdose. Timely intervention can help prevent potential long-term consequences and ensure the patient's safety.

In the case of a missed dose of Nalidixic Acid Tablet, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to proceed, as they may recommend adjusting your dosage or provide specific instructions for catching up on missed doses safely.

To take the Nalidixic Acid Tablet, swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, preferably at the same time each day, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, and ensure you complete the full course as prescribed.

Here are the conditions or situations when Nalidixic Acid Tablet should not be used:

• Avoid using Nalidixic Acid if you have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to this medication or other quinolone antibiotics.
• Do not take this medication if you have a history of seizures or conditions that lower the seizure threshold, such as central nervous system (CNS) disorders or severe neurological disorders.
• Contraindicated in individuals with myasthenia gravis as it can worsen muscle weakness.
• Should not be used in patients with a history of tendon disorders or tendon rupture, especially if associated with previous quinolone therapy.
• Not suitable for individuals with severe kidney disease or those on dialysis.
• Avoid using this medication if you have a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as it may cause hemolytic anemia.
• Do not administer Nalidixic Acid to children under 18 years old, as it can cause joint and cartilage damage.

The side effects of Nalidixic Acid Tablet may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Skin rash or itching
• Sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity)
• Central nervous system effects like insomnia, confusion, and seizures.

Following are the precautions and warnings for Nalidixic Acid Tablet:

• Do not take this medication if you have a history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to Nalidixic Acid or other related quinolone antibiotics.
• Patients with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders should exercise caution as Nalidixic Acid may lower the seizure threshold.
• Nalidixic Acid may cause photosensitivity, so avoid excessive sunlight or UV light exposure, and use protective measures when outdoors.
• This medication may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, so avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the side effects of Nalidixic Acid, especially joint and tendon problems.
• Nalidixic Acid should be used with caution in patients with kidney or liver disease, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• It is important to complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to prevent antibiotic resistance.

Following are the drug interactions for Nalidixic Acid Tablet:

• Antacids containing aluminum, magnesium, or calcium can reduce the absorption of Nalidixic Acid, leading to decreased effectiveness. It is recommended to separate the doses of these medications by at least 2 hours.
• Nalidixic Acid may decrease the efficacy of oral contraceptives, potentially increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. Additional contraceptive methods should be considered.
• Probenecid, a medication used to treat gout, can reduce the excretion of Nalidixic Acid, leading to higher blood levels and potential toxicity. Dose adjustments may be necessary.
• Theophylline, a bronchodilator, may interact with Nalidixic Acid, increasing the risk of seizures. Close monitoring for signs of seizure activity is advised.
• Warfarin, an anticoagulant, may have its effect enhanced by Nalidixic Acid, increasing the risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of coagulation parameters is essential.
• Nalidixic Acid can increase the plasma concentrations of cyclosporine, a medication used in organ transplantation, potentially leading to toxicity. Cyclosporine levels should be monitored.
• The effects of antidiabetic medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, may be altered by Nalidixic Acid, affecting blood sugar control. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended.
• Co-administration with other quinolone antibiotics or structurally similar drugs may increase the risk of adverse reactions, including central nervous system effects and tendon problems.

Following are the food interactions to consider with Nalidixic Acid Tablet:

• Avoid consuming dairy products like milk, cheese, or yogurt within 2 hours before or after taking the medication, as calcium can decrease its absorption.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed cautiously as they may affect the liver enzymes responsible for metabolizing Nalidixic Acid, potentially altering its effectiveness.
• Avoid alcohol while taking this medication, as it can increase the risk of side effects and may also irritate the stomach.
• High-fat meals can delay the absorption of Nalidixic Acid, so it is best to take the medication on an empty stomach or with a light meal.
• Avoid iron supplements and multivitamins with minerals, as they can reduce the absorption of Nalidixic Acid. Take them at least 2 hours apart.
• Vitamin K-rich foods like broccoli, spinach, and kale may interfere with the effectiveness of Nalidixic Acid, especially in patients with bleeding disorders. Consult your doctor for dietary advice.
• Caffeine intake should be limited as it can increase the risk of side effects such as nervousness and insomnia, especially in high doses.
• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, to maintain good kidney function and reduce the risk of crystal formation.

Nalidixic Acid Tablets should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably at room temperature, ensuring protection from light and moisture. Keep the tablets in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent contamination. It is crucial not to expose the medication to extreme temperatures, so avoid storing it in the bathroom or near heat sources like ovens or radiators. Dispose of any unused or expired tablets responsibly; do not flush them or throw them into the garbage. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for specific instructions on proper disposal methods. Always keep medications out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion.

Following are the quick tips for Nalidixic Acid Tablet:

• Consult your doctor for the correct dosage and duration of treatment.
• Take the tablet with or after meals to minimize stomach irritation.
• Swallow the tablet whole, do not crush or chew.
• Complete the full course of medication, even if you feel better early on.
• Stay well-hydrated while taking this medication.
• Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and wear protective clothing when outdoors.
• Inform your doctor if you have a history of seizures or kidney problems before taking this medication.
• Store the tablets in a cool, dry place, away from direct light.