UVAMIN RETARD CAP

Nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic primarily used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), exerts its bactericidal effect through multiple mechanisms of action. It disrupts bacterial cells by interfering with various metabolic pathways. One of its primary actions is the inhibition of bacterial ribosomes, specifically targeting the 50S subunit, which impairs protein synthesis. Nitrofurantoin also disrupts bacterial energy metabolism by inhibiting enzymes involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby depleting the bacteria's energy sources. Additionally, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and other essential cellular processes, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. These diverse mechanisms contribute to its effectiveness against a range of bacteria commonly associated with UTIs.

Antibacterial (nitrofurans)

Capsule

The following are the uses of NITROFURANTOIN Capsule:

• Used for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria, providing relief from symptoms such as painful urination and frequent urination.
• Used for targeting and eliminating bacteria in the urinary tract to prevent the infection from spreading or worsening.
• Used for achieving symptom improvement within a few days of starting the medication, with the full course of treatment ensuring the infection is completely cleared.
• Used for its effectiveness against a range of bacteria commonly found in UTIs, providing a broad-spectrum treatment approach.
• Used for reducing the risk of recurrent UTIs when taken as prescribed for the full duration of treatment.
• Used for its ability to reach the site of infection in the urinary tract, ensuring direct and targeted treatment.
• Used for minimizing the development of antibiotic resistance when used appropriately and as directed by a healthcare professional.

In the case of an overdose of NITROFURANTOIN Capsules, it is important to recognize the signs, which may include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Promptly seek medical assistance and inform healthcare professionals about the suspected overdose. They will likely perform a gastric lavage to remove any remaining medication and provide supportive care to manage symptoms. Quick action can help prevent potential complications and ensure the best possible outcome.

In the case of a missed dose of NITROFURANTOIN Capsule, it is important to take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to proceed, as they may advise you to restart the medication or provide alternative instructions.

To use NITROFURANTOIN capsules, swallow the prescribed number of capsules whole with a full glass of water, preferably with food, as directed by your healthcare provider, typically 4 times a day for a specified duration.

Following are the conditions when NITROFURANTOIN Capsule should not be used:

• Must not be used in individuals with a known allergy to Nitrofurantoin or other similar antibiotics.
• Not suitable for patients with severe kidney disease or conditions affecting kidney function.
• Contraindicated in individuals with a specific enzyme deficiency called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
• Should not be used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to Nitrofurantoin.
• Not recommended for patients with severe urinary tract blockage or conditions that affect urine flow.
• Must not be used in individuals with a history of nerve damage or nerve disorders.
• Contraindicated during the last month of pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers.

The side effects of NITROFURANTOIN Capsule may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Dark yellow or brown urine
• Dizziness or headache
• Allergic reactions, such as skin rash or itching
• Confusion, disorientation, or difficulty concentrating

Following are the precautions and warnings for NITROFURANTOIN Capsule:

• This medication is intended for the treatment of urinary tract infections and should not be used for other types of infections or medical conditions.
• Patients with a history of anemia, vitamin B deficiency, or liver problems should exercise caution and inform their doctor before starting this medication.
• NITROFURANTOIN may cause lung problems in some individuals; if you experience shortness of breath, coughing, or chest pain, seek medical attention immediately.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to side effects, particularly lung and liver-related issues.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking this medication, as it may increase the risk of liver problems.
• Pregnant women should only use NITROFURANTOIN if clearly needed, and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor as it can pass into breast milk.
• Inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are currently taking to avoid potential drug interactions.

Following are the drug interactions for NITROFURANTOIN Capsule:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
• Probenecid may increase the concentration of nitrofurantoin, potentially enhancing its efficacy and toxicity.
• When taken with magnesium trisilicate or aluminum hydroxide, absorption of nitrofurantoin may be reduced.
• Nitrofurantoin may decrease the effectiveness of live typhoid vaccine. Separate administration by at least 24 hours.
• Warfarin interaction may lead to altered INR and prothrombin time, requiring close monitoring.
• Antacids containing magnesium or aluminum may decrease the absorption of nitrofurantoin.
• The risk of peripheral neuropathy may increase when used with other neurotoxic drugs like isoniazid.
• Renal function should be monitored when used with other nephrotoxic agents like cyclosporine.

Following are the food interactions for NITROFURANTOIN Capsule:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the risk of liver-related side effects and may reduce the effectiveness of NITROFURANTOIN.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can alter the metabolism of NITROFURANTOIN, potentially increasing its levels in the body and the risk of side effects.
• High-protein foods like meat, fish, and dairy products may reduce the absorption of NITROFURANTOIN. Consider taking the medication on an empty stomach or as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Avoid consuming foods rich in vitamin C (citrus fruits, tomatoes, broccoli) close to NITROFURANTOIN intake as they may decrease the drug's effectiveness.
• Dairy products, especially milk, can potentially decrease the absorption of NITROFURANTOIN. It is best to separate the medication from these products by a few hours.
• Foods high in iron content (red meat, spinach, beans) might interfere with NITROFURANTOIN absorption. Separate intake of iron-rich foods and the medication by several hours.
• Avoid high-fat meals as they may delay the absorption of NITROFURANTOIN, potentially affecting its effectiveness.
• Certain beverages like tea and coffee may interfere with NITROFURANTOIN's absorption. Consider reducing their consumption around the time of medication intake.

NITROFURANTOIN capsules should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably at room temperature, away from direct exposure to sunlight, heat, or moisture. The original container should be tightly sealed to maintain the integrity of the medication and prevent any external contamination. It is crucial to adhere to the recommended storage conditions to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the capsules. When disposing of unused or expired NITROFURANTOIN capsules, do not flush them down the toilet or pour them into drainage systems. Instead, consult your pharmacist or healthcare professional for appropriate disposal methods to minimize environmental impact. Keep the medication safely locked away from children to prevent accidental consumption.

Following are the quick tips for NITROFURANTOIN Capsule:

• Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water; do not crush, chew, or open it.
• Take the capsule at evenly spaced intervals to maintain a consistent drug level.
• Avoid alcohol consumption as it can increase the risk of side effects.
• Complete the full course of medication, even if you feel better, to ensure the infection is fully treated.
• If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention promptly.
• Store the capsules in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
• Consult your doctor if you have any kidney or liver-related medical conditions.