ZONEGRAN 25MG CAP

Zonisamide, a sulfonamide anticonvulsant, primarily acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, reducing neuronal hyperexcitability. It also modulates voltage-gated T-type calcium channels and enhances GABA-mediated inhibition, further contributing to its anticonvulsant effects. In addition, Zonisamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase, which may contribute to its therapeutic actions, although the significance of this mechanism is not fully understood. These combined actions help stabilize neuronal membranes, reduce neuronal firing, and decrease the propagation of seizure activity, making Zonisamide effective in managing various types of seizures.

Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic

Capsule

The following are the uses of Zonisamide 25MG Capsule:

• Used for managing partial seizures in adults, either alone or in combination with other medications.
• Used as an adjunctive therapy for controlling seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
• Used to reduce the frequency of seizures in patients with epilepsy.
• Used to enhance seizure control when other anti-epileptic medications are insufficiently effective.
• Used to improve seizure management, particularly in cases of refractory partial seizures.
• Used to stabilize mood and reduce seizure-related anxiety.
• Used to minimize seizure-related injuries and improve overall quality of life.

In the case of an overdose of Zonisamide 25MG Capsules, it is important to recognize the potential severity of the situation. Initial symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and confusion. In more serious cases, individuals may experience seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, or even loss of consciousness. Prompt medical intervention is essential, and seeking emergency medical care should be the first step. Medical professionals can provide the necessary support and treatment to manage the overdose and prevent potential long-term complications.

In the case of a missed dose of Zonisamide 25MG Capsule, it is important to take the medication as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to safely resume your medication without compromising its effectiveness.

To take Zonisamide 25MG Capsule, swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water, usually once or twice a day, or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Following are the conditions or situations when Zonisamide 25MG Capsule should not be used:

• Should not be taken by individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Zonisamide or any of its inactive ingredients.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of sulfa drug allergy.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of liver disease or impaired liver function.
• Should not be used during pregnancy or if planning to become pregnant, as it may cause potential harm to the fetus.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of kidney stones or certain kidney diseases.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of metabolic acidosis (excess acid in the blood).
• Should not be used in patients with a history of depression or suicidal thoughts/behavior.
• Contraindicated in patients with a rare genetic condition known as acute intermittent porphyria.

The side effects of Zonisamide 25MG Capsule may include:

• Dizziness
• Fatigue or drowsiness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Coordination problems
• Mental confusion or forgetfulness
• Increased frequency of seizures (rarely)

Following are the precautions and warnings for Zonisamide 25MG Capsule:

• This medication is not recommended for individuals with a history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to Zonisamide or any of its ingredients.
• Patients with a history of kidney or liver problems should use this medication with caution, as it may require dosage adjustments under medical supervision.
• Zonisamide can cause dizziness and fatigue; patients should avoid driving, operating heavy machinery, or engaging in activities that require mental alertness until they know how this medication affects them.
• Alcohol consumption should be avoided or limited as it may increase the risk of side effects and dizziness.
• Patients with a history of metabolic acidosis or related conditions should be monitored closely while on this medication.
• Pregnant women, those planning to become pregnant, and breastfeeding mothers should consult their doctor before taking Zonisamide, as it may have potential risks for the fetus or infant.
• Zonisamide may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a small number of people; patients should be closely monitored for any changes in mood or behavior, especially at the beginning of treatment.
• It is important to maintain adequate fluid intake and stay hydrated while taking Zonisamide to minimize the risk of kidney stones.

Following are the drug interactions for Zonisamide 25mg Capsule:

• Concomitant use with other anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin or carbamazepine, may decrease the effectiveness of zonisamide by increasing its metabolism.
• Zonisamide may increase the sedative effects of other central nervous system depressants, such as benzodiazepines, alcohol, or opioids, leading to excessive drowsiness or respiratory depression.
• Use with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, may increase the risk of metabolic acidosis due to similar mechanisms of action.
• Combining with oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of birth control, and an alternative method of contraception is advised.
• Concomitant use with lithium may increase the risk of hyperammonemia and encephalopathy.
• Antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may interact with zonisamide, potentially increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome, a rare but serious condition.
• Caution is advised when using zonisamide with diuretics, as the combination may increase the risk of kidney stones due to altered calcium metabolism.

Following are the food interactions for Zonisamide 25MG Capsule:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided or limited as it may increase the risk of side effects and impair coordination and thinking.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can affect the metabolism of Zonisamide, leading to increased drug levels in the body and potential side effects.
• Avoid high-fat meals as they can decrease the absorption of Zonisamide, reducing its effectiveness.
• Caffeine intake should be monitored as it can increase the frequency of seizures in some individuals taking Zonisamide.
• Foods rich in sodium should be consumed in moderation as Zonisamide may cause sodium retention, leading to increased blood pressure.
• Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially in hot weather or during exercise, as Zonisamide can increase the risk of kidney stones.
• Avoid excessive consumption of foods containing Vitamin D and calcium, as Zonisamide may alter calcium metabolism.
• There are no specific food restrictions, but maintaining a balanced diet is recommended for overall health.

Zonisamide 25MG capsules should be stored in a cool, dry place, preferably at room temperature, between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). Protect the capsules from excessive heat, moisture, and direct sunlight, as these conditions can degrade the medication. Keep the capsules in their original container, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent exposure to air and humidity. Do not use the capsules if the packaging shows signs of tampering or if the capsules appear damaged. When disposing of unused or expired capsules, do not throw them into the trash or flush them down the toilet. Contact your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for guidance on safe disposal practices to protect the environment.

Following are the quick tips for Zonisamide 25MG Capsule:

• Take the capsule as directed by your doctor; do not crush or chew it.
• Ensure you complete the full prescribed course, even if you feel better early.
• Maintain a consistent daily dose timing for best results.
• Avoid missing doses; set reminders if needed.
• Stay hydrated and drink plenty of fluids while on this medication.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to prevent interactions.
• Store the capsules in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.