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Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

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  3. Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

Arrhythmias Meaning in Urdu

اس بیماری کو دل کی بے ترتیب دھڑکن کہا جاتا ہے۔ جب الیکٹریکل سگنلز دل کی دھڑکن کے ساتھ مِل نہیں پاتے تو یہ بے ترتیب ہونا شروع ہو جاتی ہے اور دل کی دھڑکن یا تو بہت تیز ہو جاتی ہے یا بہت سست۔ دل کی بے ترتیب دھڑکن کو عام طور پر دو اقسام میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے۔ اگر ایک منٹ میں دل سو سے زائد مرتبہ دھڑکے کو اس دل کی تیز رفتار دھڑکن کہا جاتا ہے، اور اگر ایک منٹ میں دل ساٹھ مرتبہ دھڑکے تو اسے دل کی سست رفتار دھڑکن سمجھا جاتا ہے۔

Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rate or rhythm.  In normal adults, the heart beats around 60-80 times per minute. You can usually feel your heartbeat through your pulse in the arm or neck. 

Basically, the heart’s upper chambers (the atria) and the lower chambers (Ventricles) work together to pump blood through the heart. They form an electric system that controls the heart rhythm. 

Disruption in heart rhythm can cause a too-fast or too-slow heart rate. Depending upon your conditions, this change in a heartbeat can be a minor difficulty or a potentially severe problem. 

Signs and Symptoms of Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

The common symptoms of arrhythmia include: 

  • Dizziness 
  • Low blood pressure
  • Fainting
  • Shortness of breath 
  • Palpitations  
  • Extreme fatigue 

Although in some cases, you might notice no symptoms at all. In some more complex scenarios, you might feel light-weightedness which can lead to unconsciousness and eventually death if not treated immediately. 

Types of Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

Some common types of Arrhythmia are: 

  • Atrial Fibrillation (AF) 

Atrial Fibrillation is the most common type of Arrhythmia. In this condition, the heart beats much faster than the normal pace. 

In this condition, you would feel a much faster heart rate at rest. 

In this condition, the heart beats at a lower heart rate than normal. 

  • Ventricular Fibrillation 

This is a rare condition of arrhythmia. In it, you may feel a disorganized rapid rhythm of the heartbeat. This may lead to unconscious and sudden death if not treated timely. 

  • Heart Block 

In this condition, the heart beats at a much slower pace which can lead to unconsciousness. 

 

Causes of Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

Some common trigger points for arrhythmia are: 

  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Excessive tobacco consumption 
  • Excessive consumption of drinks containing caffeine 
  • Overdoing exercises 
  • Consumption of recreational drugs 
  • Viral illnesses 
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Risk Factors of Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

Arrhythmia can affect people of all age groups. Alcoholics and obese patients are more vulnerable to this dysfunction of the heart. Atrial Fibrillation is more common in people aged above 50. 

Underlying cardiovascular diseases like heart attack, heart failure, or stroke can further increase the chances of arrhythmia. 

The chances of stroke are increased up to 5 folds if a patient already has arrhythmia. 

 

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Prevention

Adopting a healthier lifestyle and being more physically active can reduce the chances of any Cardiovascular disease. 

Some other approaches can be:

  • Being watchful of weight 
  • Quit smoking/ drinking alcohol 
  • Keep a check and balance on your cholesterol and weight
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Diagnosis

If you notice any symptoms of arrhythmia in yourself or you have a family history of arrhythmia, you should consult your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider can refer you to a cardiologist or electrophysiologist. 

The most effective way the treatment of arrhythmia is through an Electrocardiogram (ECG). In case, ECG does not find a problem, you may need a Holter monitor.  

Some other tests that help in diagnosing arrhythmia are: 

  • Cardiac event recorder - this is a device that is used to record the occasional symptoms of arrhythmia. 
  • Electrophysiological (EP) study - this is a test that locates issues with the electric signals in your heart.
  • Echocardiogram (Echo) - This is simply an ultrasound of your heart.

Treatment of Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias) | When to Consult a Doctor

The treatment of arrhythmia depends upon your conditions. Any underlying heart issues should also be treated. 

You may be treated through medications or undergo surgery. Some common treatments are:  

  • Medication - there exists medication that can help you lead a healthy life by controlling your arrhythmia. 
  • Cardioversion - in this treatment, the heart is shocked through electric signals to return back to its normal rhythm. 
  • Catheter ablation - this treatment destroys the disease-causing tissues in your heart. 
  • Pacemaker - this is a small device that is inserted in your chest. It produces electric signals and does the work of a natural pacemaker in the body by controlling the rhythm of the heart. 
  • ICD - this is a device similar to a pacemaker. I monitor the heartbeat and every time it alters, it shocks the heart to return back to its normal heartbeat.

The expected duration of Arrhythmia depends upon what caused it in the first place. Proper treatment and care can minimize the effects of arrhythmia on your body.

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