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Fever

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  3. Fever

Overview of Fever

Fever Meaning in Urdu

بخار ایک عام طبی علامت ہے جس کی وجہ سے جسم کا ٹمپریچر (درجہ حرارت) بڑھ جاتا ہے۔ یہ طبی علامت زیادہ تر انفیکشن کی وجہ سے لاحق ہوتی ہے۔ بخار کی وجہ سے بے چینی لاحق ہو سکتی ہے مگر یہ ایسی طبی علامت نہیں ہے کہ جس کی وجہ سے پریشان ہوا جائے۔ اس کی طبی علامات میں پسینہ آنا، سردی اور کپکپاہٹ، سردرد، پٹھوں میں درد، بھوک میں کمی، بے چینی، پانی کی کمی، اور کمزوری شامل ہیں۔ اگر جسم کا ٹمپریچر ایک سو فارن ہائیٹ سے اوپر چلا جائے تو اسے بخار کہا جاتا ہے۔

Fever (بخار/Bukhar) is a sign of infection in which the body temperature is increased. It is also known as high temperature, hyperthermia, or pyrexia. Normally, everyone’s body temperature is different but the standard range is 97-99oF. If the temperature reaches up to 100.4oF or higher is considered a fever.

Hypothalamus is the main part of the brain that controls the temperature of your body. In response to an infection, the hypothalamus increases the body temperature above normal.

Signs and Symptoms of Fever

Fever is a sign of infection. Fever may come along with other symptoms such as:

  • Chills or shivering
  • Headache
  • Sweating
  • Loss of appetite
  • Feeling weak
  • Irritation
  • Dehydration

Types of Fever

Causes of Fever

The main cause of fever is an infection such as colds and stomach infections. Some other causes can be:

  • Infections of the ear, respiratory tract, skin, throat, and urinary system
  • COVID-19
  • Heat exhaustion
  • Sunburn
  • Side effects of medications
  • Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis
  • Vaccines and immunizations
  • Cancer
  • Autoimmune conditions such as lupus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)
  • Blood clots
  • Hormone disorders such as hyperthyroidism
  • Mild and low-grade fever in teething babies

Illegal drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine

Happniness

Risk Factors of Fever

You can develop a fever by different risk factors, such as:

  • Sinusitis
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Bronchitis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis

Health-Related Complications of Fever

The most alarming complication of fever is convulsions (febrile seizures) in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. In this condition, the child may experience loss of consciousness and shaking of limbs. Most of the time, seizures cause no serious effects.

If your child experiences seizures, perform the following actions immediately:

  • Lay your child on his or her side or stomach on the floor or ground
  • Hold your child to prevent injury
  • Remove any sharp objects that are near your child
  • Don't place anything in your child's mouth
  • Loosen tight clothing

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Prevention

You can avoid fever by preventing exposure to infectious diseases. there are some preventive measures to avoid infectious diseases such as:

-Proper Washing of Hands: Wash your hands properly for 20 seconds with soap after:

  • Using toilet
  • Visiting a patient
  • Petting animals
  • Travelling in public transportation
  • Touching the frequently touched places such as desks, tables, doorknobs, keyboards etc.
  • Teach your children about proper handwashing procedures.
  • Use hand sanitiser if water and soap are not available.
  • Avoid touching your face, nose or eyes, as these are the main routes for viruses and other bacteria entry into the body.
  • While coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth with tissue paper or handkerchief.
  • Don’t share food utensils with your child, especially if you have any infection.
Happniness

Diagnosis

To diagnose a fever, your doctor may:

  • Inquire about your symptoms and medical history
  • Physically examine you
  • Recommend tests, such as blood tests or a chest X-ray, if required

For infants, particularly 28 days or more, a fever can be a serious condition. Therefore, they need to be hospitalized for testing and treatment.

Treatment of Fever | When to Consult a Doctor

If you have a low-grade fever, your doctor may not recommend treatment to lower the temperature. These minor fevers can be helpful in fighting off infections.

Home Treatment

At home, you can use various ways to reduce the fever such as:

  • Drink Plenty of Fluids: Fevers often cause fluid loss and dehydration. To overcome this drink plenty of water, fresh fruit and vegetable juices. For children under 1 year of age Pedialyte-an, oral rehydration solution is recommended. These solutions replace the fluids and electrolytes loss. Pedialyte is also available in ice pops also.
  • Rest: Take rest and avoid exhaustive activities, because these activities cause an increase in body temperature.
  • Stay cool: Keep the room temperature cool and sleep with only a sheet or light blanket.

Over-the-counter Medications

Your doctor may recommend OTC medicines if your fever is mild such as:

  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or
  • Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others).

Use these medications as per the doctor’s recommendation or the label’s instruction. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen in high dosage for long time use can cause liver or kidney damage and can be fatal. If the fever is still high after medicine intake, contact your doctor for further treatment.

Avoid aspirin use for children, because it can trigger Reye's syndrome, a fatal disorder.

If the fever is due to an infection such as pneumonia or strep throat due to bacteria, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic. Antibiotics are not useful for the treatment of viral infections but can be treated with antiviral drugs. The best treatment for viral infections is plenty of water and rest.

Fevers are not serious and you can get better after some time without any treatment. But if it comes along with other serious symptoms, seek medical care as soon as possible.

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