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Neurogenic Bladder

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  3. Neurogenic Bladder

Overview of Neurogenic Bladder

Neurogenic bladder (اعصابی نظام میں فعل کی بناء پر مثانہ کی استعداد کار کو ختم ہو جائے) is a medical condition in which the person suffers from poor performance of the bladder due to nervous system issues. A person tends to suffer from a neurogenic bladder due to several conditions such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease. The best possible treatment options for neurogenic bladder are drug therapy and surgery.

Signs and Symptoms of Neurogenic Bladder

Given below are some  of the most common symptoms of neurogenic bladder:

  1. A persistent urinary tract infection 
  2. The inability to urine control 
  3. Frequent urination 
  4. Urine dribbling 
  5. Kidney stones 
  6. A small volume of urine during voiding 
  7. Loss of feeling that the bladder is full

Types of Neurogenic Bladder

There are four types of neurogenic bladder:

  1. Atonic Bladder 

Atonic bladder refers to a bladder whose muscles are unable to properly contract. This makes the process of urination tough for the patient. 

  1. Hyper-Reflexive Bladder 

It is a bladder disease in which the person suffers from urine frequency, urine incontinence as well as urgency.

  1. Uninhibited Bladder 

This medical condition arises if the person has suffered from a stroke or a brain tumor. 

  1. Sensorimotor Paralytic Bladder 

 

The sensorimotor paralytic bladder is a condition in which the person’s bladder is unable to empty their bladder.

 

Causes of Neurogenic Bladder

Neurogenic bladder is a disease in which the causes and risk factors collide. Some of the possible causes of the neurogenic bladder are:

  • Diabetes 
  • Miscellaneous infections 
  • Heavy metal poising 
  • Certain birth defects that affect the spinal cord
  • Tumors of the brain or spinal cord
  • Genetic nerve problems 
  • Serious accidents that are affecting the brain or spinal cord
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Risk Factors of Neurogenic Bladder

Factors that increase your chances to suffer from the neurogenic bladder are:

  • Nerve or spinal cord conditions such as spinal cord tumor or Spina Bifida
  • Diabetes
  • Stroke

Neurogenic Bladder Health Complications

If left untreated neurogenic bladder can give rise to the following health complications.

  1. Leakage of Urine 

When the nerve muscles are unable to convey the message, the patient may suffer from urine leakage. 

  1. Urine Retention 

When the nerve pathway is damaged, the bladder is not able to pass out urine. 

  1. Damage To The Kidney Vessels

When the bladder is holding the urine, this puts additional pressure on the kidneys. The person might also suffer from blood in the urine. 

  1. Urinary System Infections 

When the urine is held for too long by the body and it then passes out. It can result in kidney infections.

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Prevention

There is no concrete preventive measure for neurogenic bladder. People who have diabetes are able to delay the problem by maintaining their level of blood sugar.

Apart from that make sure that you wear seatbelts all the time so that the onset of injuries and accidents can be decreased.

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Diagnosis

The diagnosis of neurogenic bladder starts with an examination of the brain, spinal cord as well as bladder. Some other diagnostic tests for neurogenic bladder are:

  1. X-Rays

Invisible energy beams are used to visualize the tissues, bones, and organs.

  1. Ultrasound 

In ultrasound tests, high-frequency sound waves are used to create organ images on a computer screen. 

  1. Cystoscopy 

The doctor will insert a viewing tube through the patient’s urethra to properly assess the urinary tract. This also provides a diagnosis for tumors or blockages. 

  1. Tests for Bladder Capacity 

 

These tests assess how much the bladder can hold and whether or not it is able to empty itself completely.

 

Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder | When to Consult a Doctor

Depending upon the cause of neurogenic bladder, the following are some of the best treatment methodologies:

  1. Medicines 

OAB drugs are administered through the skin or are given orally. These medicines make sure to relax the overactive bladder. Antibiotics are also given to reduce the chances of infection. 

(Note: Take medications only after doctor's prescriptions)

  1. Surgery 

It is an invasive procedure that is used to remove blockages or stones from the urinary system.

  1. Botox Injections 

These injections are administered directly to the muscles of the urethra. This drug prevents frequent contraction of your bladder muscles. This is a short-lived treatment because the effects of the drugs may wear off after some time. You need to revisit this treatment after every 6 months. 

  1. SNS Therapy 

When no other lifestyle or medicinal treatment is working, the doctor may prescribe this method. Sacral nerves manage the signals between the spinal cord and the bladder. The surgeon places a thin wire in close proximity to these nerves. A small battery is placed under your skin and the wire is connected to that battery. 

This therapy aims to stop the signals that are responsible for the overactive bladder.

  1. Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation 

PTNS is an invasive method that involves a needle insertion in the tibial nerves. The needle is then connected to a device that can send electrical signals. This provides the impulses to travel from the tibial nerves to the sacral nerve. 

  1. Urinary Diversion Surgery 

This procedure involves the opening of a stoma on the belly. The catheter is then passed through the stoma so that the bladder can be emptied. The urine is collected in an external pouch that is placed on the stoma. 

  1. Sphincter Resection 

This surgical process involves the removal of the weak portion of the urethral sphincter. If the situation is worse then the entire muscle is removed.

  1. Bladder Augmentation 

 

A part of the intestine is removed and is then attached to the bladder. This increases the overall capacity of the bladder to store more urine. 

 

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