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Nummular Eczema

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  3. Nummular Eczema

Overview of Nummular Eczema

Nummular Eczema Meaning in Urdu

اس بیماری کی وجہ سے جِلد پر گول دھبے، جو کہ ابھرے ہوئے  ہوتے ہیں، نمودار ہو جاتے ہیں۔ یہ دھبے کئی مرتبہ شدید خارش کا باعث بنتے ہیں۔ یہ بیماری کسی بھی عمر کے افراد کو متاثر کر سکتی ہے، تاہم مردوں میں عورتوں کی نسبت اس کے خطرات زیادہ ہوتے ہیں۔ جِلد کی خشکی، کیمیکلز، اور کیڑوں مکوڑوں کے کاٹنے کی وجہ سے اس بیماری کے خطرات میں اضافہ ہو سکتا ہے۔ یہ بیماری نہ تو فنگس کی وجہ سے لاحق ہوتی ہے اور نہ یہ ایک شخص سے دوسرے افراد میں منتقل ہوتی ہے۔

Definition

Nummular eczema, also known as discoid eczema or nummular dermatitis, is a type of eczema that affects the skin. It is characterized by the presence of round or oval-shaped patches of inflamed, itchy, and scaly skin. The patches can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and often appear on the arms, legs, hands, and torso.

Prevalence of Nummular Eczema:

The prevalence of Nummular Eczema ranges from 0.1% to 0.9% in the global population.  

The condition is more commonly seen in adults, with men and women being affected equally. It is less common in children and infants. Nummular eczema can occur in people of any race or ethnicity, but it is more common in people with a history of other types of eczema or dry skin conditions. 

Since the condition can be triggered or worsened by many factors, including irritants, allergens, and stress, it may be more common in specific populations or occupational groups, such as those with frequent exposure to chemicals or other irritants.

Signs and Symptoms of Nummular Eczema

The symptoms of nummular eczema typically include:

  1. Round or oval-shaped patches of inflamed, itchy, and scaly skin. The patches can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
  2. The affected skin may be red, dry, and cracked, and may ooze fluid or bleed.
  3. Itching and burning sensation in the affected areas.
  4. The patches of skin may be more pronounced during the winter months when the air is dry and the skin is prone to dryness.
  5. The patches can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the arms, legs, hands, and torso.
  6. In severe cases, the affected skin may become thickened and leathery due to chronic scratching and inflammation.

The symptoms of nummular eczema can vary from person to person and may fluctuate over time. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Types of Nummular Eczema

Causes of Nummular Eczema

The exact cause of nummular eczema is not fully understood, but it is related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. These factors include:

  • Genetics: Nummular eczema may have a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.
  • Skin barrier dysfunction: A compromised skin barrier can make the skin more susceptible to irritation and inflammation, which may trigger nummular eczema.
  • Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as dry air, low humidity, and cold weather, can dry out the skin and trigger nummular eczema.
  • Irritants and allergens: Exposure to irritants and allergens, such as soaps, detergents, metals, and certain fabrics, can trigger nummular eczema.
  • Stress: Stress can weaken the immune system, making the skin more vulnerable to inflammation and infection, which may trigger nummular eczema.
  • Infections: Skin infections, particularly bacterial infections, can trigger nummular eczema.

It's important to note that each individual's triggers and causes may vary, and a combination of these factors may contribute to the development of nummular eczema.

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Risk Factors of Nummular Eczema

Several risk factors can increase an individual's likelihood of developing nummular eczema, including:

  • Age: Nummular eczema is more common in middle-aged and elderly individuals, although it can occur at any age.
  • Gender: Men are more likely than women to develop nummular eczema.
  • Family history: A family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies can increase the risk of developing nummular eczema.
  • Dry skin: People with dry skin are more prone to developing nummular eczema, as the dry skin can crack and allow irritants to enter.
  • Environmental factors: Exposure to dry air, low humidity, and cold weather can increase the risk of developing nummular eczema.
  • Allergies and sensitivities: People with a history of allergies or sensitivities to certain substances may be more likely to develop nummular eczema.
  • Stress: Stress can weaken the immune system and trigger inflammation, which can increase the risk of developing nummular eczema.
  • Skin infections: People with a history of skin infections, particularly bacterial infections, may be more likely to develop nummular eczema.

Having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean an individual will develop nummular eczema. Nonetheless, it's important to be aware of these risk factors and take steps to minimize the risk of developing this condition.

 

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Prevention

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent nummular eczema, several steps can be taken to reduce the risk of developing the condition. These include:

  • Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that can worsen eczema symptoms, such as irritants or allergens, can help to prevent nummular eczema.
  • Moisturizing regularly: Keeping the skin moisturized is key to preventing dryness and cracking, which can trigger nummular eczema. Use a moisturizer that is free of fragrances and other potential irritants.
  • Avoiding hot water and harsh soaps: Hot water and harsh soaps can strip the skin of its natural oils and cause dryness and irritation. Use lukewarm water and mild, fragrance-free soaps when bathing.
  • Protecting the skin: Protect the skin from cold weather and wind by wearing gloves, hats, and other protective clothing.
  • Managing stress: Stress can weaken the immune system and trigger inflammation, increasing the risk of developing nummular eczema. Finding ways to manage stress, such as through exercise, meditation, or therapy, can help to prevent the condition.
  • Maintaining good hygiene: Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and keeping the skin clean, can help to prevent bacterial infections that can trigger nummular eczema.

While these measures can help to prevent nummular eczema, they may not be effective for everyone.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosing nummular eczema typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. The doctor may ask about symptoms, triggers, and other relevant information.

Physical Examination: During the physical examination, the doctor will look for characteristic round or oval-shaped patches of inflamed, itchy, and scaly skin typical of nummular eczema. They may also check for signs of infection and ask about other medical conditions contributing to the symptoms.

Skin Biopsy: In some cases, the doctor may perform a skin biopsy, which involves taking a small skin sample for laboratory analysis. It can help to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions that may be causing similar symptoms.

Patch-test: In severe and recalcitrant Nummular Eczema, patch-testing is advised to rule out the presence of contact allergy which is very common with Nummular Eczema. 

However, there is no specific test for diagnosing nummular eczema, and the diagnosis is typically based on a combination of the patient's symptoms and medical history, as well as the results of any tests or procedures. If you suspect that you have nummular eczema, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Treatment of Nummular Eczema | When to Consult a Doctor

The treatment of nummular eczema typically involves a combination of strategies to alleviate symptoms and prevent further flare-ups. These may include:

  • Topical corticosteroids: Creams or ointments are applied directly to the affected skin to reduce inflammation and itching.
  • Moisturizers: Regularly applying moisturizers to the skin can help to prevent dryness and cracking, which can trigger nummular eczema.
  • Topical calcineurin inhibitors: Creams or ointments, that help to reduce inflammation and itching.
  • Wet compresses: Applying wet compresses to the affected areas can help to soothe itching and reduce inflammation.
  • Antibiotics: If the affected areas become infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.
  • Phototherapy: In some cases, exposure to certain types of light, such as ultraviolet A or B (UVA or UVB) light, may help to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
  • Systemic medications: In severe cases, oral medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or biologics may be prescribed.

It is important to note that the most appropriate treatment for nummular eczema may vary depending on the severity and location of the symptoms, as well as other individual factors. A Dermatologist can help determine the best treatment plan based on the patient's needs and medical history.

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